Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon multiflorus |
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grass pink orchid, tuberous grass-pink |
many-flower grass-pink |
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Habit | Plants 4–110(–135) cm. | Plants 17–33(–50) cm. | ||||
Leaves | not appressed to inflorescences at flowering; blade linear, lanceolate, or seldom elliptic-lanceolate, 2–50 cm × 2–35(–50) mm, margins slightly to strongly curled transversely. |
blade linear, 3–15 cm × 3–9 mm at flowering, later elongating to 6–41 cm. |
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Inflorescences | green or slightly purple at base, becoming entirely green after flowering, 4–135 cm; floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subulate, 3–30 mm. |
dark purple, becoming green after flowering, 17–33(–50) cm; floral bracts ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or subulate, 3–8 mm. |
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Flowers | 1–25, opening sequentially, magenta, pink, to white, faintly fragrant; dorsal sepal oblanceolate, 15–31 × 5–18 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals occasionally reflexed distally, ovate to lanceolate, slightly falcate, 13–26 × 5–16 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals obpandurate to seldom elliptic, slightly falcate, 15–28 × 4–14 mm, apex obtuse; lip 11–23 mm, middle lobe with dilated end typically anvil-shaped, seldom triangular, 5.5–21 mm wide; column 12–25 × 1–2 mm, distal end 4.5–10 mm wide; rostellum present or absent; stigma at angle to column surface. |
2–15, opening nearly simultaneously, crimson, magenta, to rarely light pink, strongly fragrant to pungent; dorsal sepal obovate to oblanceolate, 9–17 × 5–8 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals reflexed only at tip or straight, ovate to lanceolate, slightly falcate to straight, 10–13.5 × 6–9 mm; petals pandurate, rarely obovate, 8–14 × 4–8 mm, apex obtuse; lip 7–12 mm, middle lobe with dilated apex triangular, rounded to truncate, 7–13 mm wide; column 5.5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, distal end 5–7 mm wide; rostellum present. Capsules ellipsoid to obconic, 13–22 × 4–7 mm. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 13–30 × 5–10 mm. |
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Corms | globose to elongate, not forked, 8–31 mm. |
elongate, forked, 18–40 mm. |
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2n | = 26, 40, 42. |
= 40, 42. |
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Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon multiflorus |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Apr, rarely Nov–Aug (s Fla only), usually several weeks following fires. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, relatively dry pine savannas and grasslands | |||||
Elevation | 0–60 m (0–200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
e North America; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Calopogon tuberosus is the most variable and widespread species in the the genus. It occurs from Manitoba and Newfoundland south to Texas, Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba. Calopogon tuberosus can be distinguished from other species in the genus where sympatric by its relatively robust size and elongated lip with wide, anvil-shaped dilated distal end. Plants with a triangular-shaped middle lip lobe are uncommon in the south and occur toward the northern part of the range, and those with long but narrowed lips occur in C. tuberosus var. simpsonii, the latter plants generally being much larger and occurring in a different habitat than all other species of Calopogon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Calopogon multiflorus is nearly extirpated outside of central Florida. Distinctive features of Calopogon multiflorus are the purple rachis, forked corm, strong floral fragrance, pandurate petals, and a lip usually as wide or wider than long. Although previously considered to be a variety of Calopogon barbatus (D. S. Correll 1940), C. multiflorus is readily distinguished from that species and all other Calopogon species by its features. The biology of C. multiflorus has been discussed in detail by D. H. Goldman and S. L. Orzell (2000). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 600. | FNA vol. 26, p. 598. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Limodorum tuberosum | C. barbatus var. multiflorus, Helleborine multiflora, Limodorum multiflorum, Limodorum pinetorum | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 52. (1888) | Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 425. (1840) | ||||
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