Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon barbatus |
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grass pink orchid, tuberous grass-pink |
bearded grass-pink |
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Habit | Plants 4–110(–135) cm. | Plants 11–34 cm at flowering, 13–57 cm at senescence. | ||||
Leaves | not appressed to inflorescences at flowering; blade linear, lanceolate, or seldom elliptic-lanceolate, 2–50 cm × 2–35(–50) mm, margins slightly to strongly curled transversely. |
closely appressed to inflorescence at flowering; blade linear, 7–22 cm × 2–5.5 mm, later elongating to 12–54 cm. |
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Inflorescences | green or slightly purple at base, becoming entirely green after flowering, 4–135 cm; floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subulate, 3–30 mm. |
green or slightly purple at base, rarely entirely purple, becoming entirely green after flowering, 11–34 cm, later elongating to 13–57 cm; floral bracts 2–4.5 mm. |
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Flowers | 1–25, opening sequentially, magenta, pink, to white, faintly fragrant; dorsal sepal oblanceolate, 15–31 × 5–18 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals occasionally reflexed distally, ovate to lanceolate, slightly falcate, 13–26 × 5–16 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals obpandurate to seldom elliptic, slightly falcate, 15–28 × 4–14 mm, apex obtuse; lip 11–23 mm, middle lobe with dilated end typically anvil-shaped, seldom triangular, 5.5–21 mm wide; column 12–25 × 1–2 mm, distal end 4.5–10 mm wide; rostellum present or absent; stigma at angle to column surface. |
1–12, less than 1 cm apart, opening nearly simultaneously, magenta, pink, or rarely white, without fragrance; dorsal sepal obovate to oblanceolate, 12–20 × 4–9 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals distally reflexed to straight, ovate to moderately lanceolate, weakly falcate to straight, 11–16 × 5–9 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals obpandurate, 11–16 × 4–6 mm, apex obtuse; lip 7–13.5 mm, dilated apex of middle lobe triangular to quadrangular, broadly rounded, 7–11 mm wide, apex retuse or apiculate; column 6–9 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8 mm wide; rostellum present. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 13–30 × 5–10 mm. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 12–17 × 4.5–6 mm. |
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Corms | globose to elongate, not forked, 8–31 mm. |
globose to elongate, rarely forked, 13–26 mm. |
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2n | = 26, 40, 42. |
= 40, 42. |
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Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon barbatus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring, seldom winter (s Fla), late spring in north (Jan–Jun). | |||||
Habitat | Moist, acidic, sandy pine savannas and grasslands | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
e North America; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Calopogon tuberosus is the most variable and widespread species in the the genus. It occurs from Manitoba and Newfoundland south to Texas, Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba. Calopogon tuberosus can be distinguished from other species in the genus where sympatric by its relatively robust size and elongated lip with wide, anvil-shaped dilated distal end. Plants with a triangular-shaped middle lip lobe are uncommon in the south and occur toward the northern part of the range, and those with long but narrowed lips occur in C. tuberosus var. simpsonii, the latter plants generally being much larger and occurring in a different habitat than all other species of Calopogon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Calopogon barbatus can be distinguished from other Calopogon species by its narrow leaf closely appressed to the inflorescence at flowering, relatively closely spaced flowers that open nearly simultaneously, general lack of floral fragrance, and the significant elongation of leaves and aboveground stems over the growing season. Calopogon barbatus also flowers earlier than other species within its range except C. oklahomensis. Specimens of plants from Texas and most from western Louisiana that have been identified as C. barbatus are actually C. oklahomensis (D. H. Goldman 1995). Calopogon barbatus, however, is found in western Louisiana, although local and most infrequent (W. C. Holmes and P. S. Mathies 1980). The type specimen for the basionym of Calopogon barbatus, Ophrys barbata Walter, is actually C. multiflorus (D. H. Goldman 1998). The name Ophrys barbata, however, has been proposed for conservation (R. K. Brummitt 2000), in which case no nomenclatural change will be necessary. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 600. | FNA vol. 26, p. 599. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Limodorum tuberosum | Ophrys barbata, Calo pogon, Calo parviflorus, Calo pulchellus var. graminifolius, Helleborine gramini, Limodorum graminifolium, Limodorum parviflorum | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 52. (1888) | (Walter) Ames: Orchidaceae 2: 272. (1908) | ||||
Web links |