Calopogon barbatus |
Calopogon oklahomensis |
|
---|---|---|
bearded grass-pink |
Oklahoma grasspink |
|
Habit | Plants 11–34 cm at flowering, 13–57 cm at senescence. | Plants 11–35 cm. |
Leaves | closely appressed to inflorescence at flowering; blade linear, 7–22 cm × 2–5.5 mm, later elongating to 12–54 cm. |
not appressed to inflorescences at flowering; blade linear-lanceolate, 7–35 cm × 5–15 mm. |
Inflorescences | green or slightly purple at base, rarely entirely purple, becoming entirely green after flowering, 11–34 cm, later elongating to 13–57 cm; floral bracts 2–4.5 mm. |
green, 11.8–34 cm; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to subulate, 3–8 mm. |
Flowers | 1–12, less than 1 cm apart, opening nearly simultaneously, magenta, pink, or rarely white, without fragrance; dorsal sepal obovate to oblanceolate, 12–20 × 4–9 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals distally reflexed to straight, ovate to moderately lanceolate, weakly falcate to straight, 11–16 × 5–9 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals obpandurate, 11–16 × 4–6 mm, apex obtuse; lip 7–13.5 mm, dilated apex of middle lobe triangular to quadrangular, broadly rounded, 7–11 mm wide, apex retuse or apiculate; column 6–9 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8 mm wide; rostellum present. |
2–7(–11), more than 1 cm apart, opening nearly simultaneously, magenta, pink, to white, fragrant; dorsal sepal strongly spreading to straight, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–25 × 5–8 mm, apex acuminate or acute; lateral sepals strongly spreading to straight, ovate to broadly lanceolate, slightly falcate, 15–22 × 8–10 mm, apex acuminate to apiculate; petals slightly falcate to straight, oblong to obpandurate, 11–20 × 5–8 mm, apex obtuse; lip 10–17 mm, middle lobe with dilated apex triangular, broadly rounded, 5–12 mm wide, apex acute or retuse; column 8.5–13 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8.5 mm wide; rostellum present; stigma typically flat against column surface. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 12–17 × 4.5–6 mm. |
|
Corms | globose to elongate, rarely forked, 13–26 mm. |
elongate, forked, 18–29 mm. |
2n | = 40, 42. |
= 120. |
Calopogon barbatus |
Calopogon oklahomensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring, seldom winter (s Fla), late spring in north (Jan–Jun). | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist, acidic, sandy pine savannas and grasslands | Mesic, acidic, sandy to loamy prairies, pine savannas, oak woodlands, edges of bogs, and frequently mowed meadows |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
|
AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MN; MO; MS; OK; SC; TN; TX; WI
|
Discussion | Calopogon barbatus can be distinguished from other Calopogon species by its narrow leaf closely appressed to the inflorescence at flowering, relatively closely spaced flowers that open nearly simultaneously, general lack of floral fragrance, and the significant elongation of leaves and aboveground stems over the growing season. Calopogon barbatus also flowers earlier than other species within its range except C. oklahomensis. Specimens of plants from Texas and most from western Louisiana that have been identified as C. barbatus are actually C. oklahomensis (D. H. Goldman 1995). Calopogon barbatus, however, is found in western Louisiana, although local and most infrequent (W. C. Holmes and P. S. Mathies 1980). The type specimen for the basionym of Calopogon barbatus, Ophrys barbata Walter, is actually C. multiflorus (D. H. Goldman 1998). The name Ophrys barbata, however, has been proposed for conservation (R. K. Brummitt 2000), in which case no nomenclatural change will be necessary. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Calopogon oklahomensis originally was thought to be restricted to the south-central states; it is much more widespread. It is, however, nearly extirpated outside the south-central states. DNA evidence, as well as its hexaploid chromosome number, suggest that this species may be an alloploid, possibly derived from ancient hybridization between C. barbatus and C. tuberosus (D. H. Goldman 2000). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 599. | FNA vol. 26, p. 601. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ophrys barbata, Calo pogon, Calo parviflorus, Calo pulchellus var. graminifolius, Helleborine gramini, Limodorum graminifolium, Limodorum parviflorum | |
Name authority | (Walter) Ames: Orchidaceae 2: 272. (1908) | D. H. Goldman: Lindleyana 10: 37, figs. 1, 2. (1995) |
Web links |