Callitriche terrestris |
Callitriche heterophylla |
|
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terrestrial water-starwort |
different-leaf water-starwort, diverse-leaf water-starwort, greater water-starwort, large water-starwort, prairie sandgrass, two-head water-starwort, variedleaf waterstarwort, water starwort |
|
Stem | and leaf scales present. |
and leaf scales present. |
Leaves | connate at base, obovate-oblanceolate to spatulate, 1.5–3.9 × 0.8–1.4(–1.5) mm, 2+-veined. |
connate at base, ± linear, tapering from near base or spatulate, 3.7–24.7 × 0.3–3.5 mm, 1+-veined. |
Inflorescences | bracts absent. |
bracts caducous. |
Pedicels | 0.4–0.6 mm in fruit. |
0 mm in fruit. |
Flowers | usually solitary or 1 staminate and 1 pistillate opposed by 1 pistillate; styles deflexed; pollen yellow. |
usually solitary; styles erect or spreading; pollen yellow. |
Schizocarps | (0.5–)0.6–0.7(–0.8) × (0.5–)0.8–1 mm, shorter than wide; mericarps black, not swollen, winged only at apex, wings straight, 0.01–0.03 mm wide. |
± round, (0.4–)0.5–0.9(–1.2) × 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, as long as wide; mericarps black, not swollen, not winged or winged only at apex, wings straight, 0.05–0.1 mm wide. |
2n | = 10. |
|
Callitriche terrestris |
Callitriche heterophylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul(–Aug), Nov–Dec. | Flowering Feb–Nov. |
Habitat | Seasonally wet hollows, damp soils, cultivated fields, rocky grounds, paths, tracks, sandy bars. | Fast-flowing streams, backwaters, ditches, swamps, Sphagnum bogs, lakes, ponds, springs, seepages, seasonally damp soils in shade. |
Elevation | 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CT; DC; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MO; MS; NC; ND; NY; OH; PA; TN; TX; VA; NB; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; YT; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies (Antilles); Greenland [Introduced in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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Discussion | Two varieties have been recognized in Callitriche heterophylla, with var. bolanderi distinguished on the basis of its schizocarps being larger (for example, N. C. Fassett 1951b); however, the size of the schizocarps overlaps widely, and measurements of schizocarps from throughout North America show that there is no clear geographical or ecological separation between plants with smaller fruit and those with larger fruit. Therefore, there is no justification for maintaining the distinction. Populations of small plants with linear leaves from parts of Canada and Alaska have been separated as Callitriche anceps. However, these appear to represent the lower extremes of variation in C. heterophylla, and morphological characters do not justify maintaining the distinction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 54. | FNA vol. 17, p. 51. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Callitriche | Plantaginaceae > Callitriche |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. anceps, C. bolanderi, C. deflexa var. austinii, C. heterophylla subsp. bolanderi, C. heterophylla var. bolanderi | |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Med. Repos., hexade 2, 5: 358. (1808) — (as terrestre) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 3. (1813) |
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