Calendula officinalis |
Calendula |
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calendula, pot-marigold, Scotch-marigold |
marigold, pot marigold |
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Habit | Annuals, perennials [subshrubs], 5–50(–70+) cm. | |||||
Stems | procumbent to erect, glabrous or arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. |
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Leaves | blades 3–12(–18+) cm × 10–30(–60+) mm. |
sessile or petiolate; blades elliptic, obovate, or oblong to oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or denticulate, faces sparsely arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | 5–8(–12+) cm. |
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Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 10–30+ mm diam. |
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Receptacles | flat. |
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Ray florets | 30–50(–100+); corolla laminae 12–20+ mm. |
13–50(–100+) in 1–3+ series; corollas yellow to orange, laminae linear to oblanceolate. |
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Disc florets | (30–)60–150+; corollas (4–)5–6+ mm. |
20–60(–150+), functionally staminate; corollas yellow, reddish, or purplish, tubes shorter than ± campanulate throats. |
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Phyllaries | 12–40+, (8–)10–12+ mm. |
13–40+ in 2+ series, lanceolate to lance-linear. |
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Heads | borne singly. |
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Cypselae | 9–15(–25+) mm. |
arcuate to ± coiled (usually some beaked, some 2–3-winged, some both beaked and winged), abaxial faces usually tuberculate and/or transversely ridged. |
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x | = 11. |
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2n | = 14, 32. |
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Calendula officinalis |
Calendula |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed places | |||||
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; CT; MA; ME; MI; NH; OH; PA; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America]
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Macaronesia; Mediterranean Europe; Near East; North Africa; widely cultivated; sometimes escaping and/or persisting [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Cultivars of Calendula officinalis are widely used horticulturally, medicinally, and as pot herbs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 15 or fewer (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 382. | FNA vol. 19, p. 381. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Calenduleae > Calendula | Asteraceae > tribe Calenduleae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 921. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 921. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 393. (1754) | ||||
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