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Hill-mustard, wartycabbage

Turkish rocket, Turkish warty-cabbage

Habit Plants not scapose; glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose (multicellular glandular tubercles or papillae present throughout, except flowers). Biennials or perennials; sparsely to densely pilose.
Stems

erect, often branched (many) distally.

usually branched distally, rarely basally, (2.5–)4–10(–15) dm.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate, sessile, or subsessile;

basal not rosulate [rosulate], petiolate, blade margins entire, pinnatifid, or lyrate;

cauline sessile (subsessile distally), blade (base cuneate, attenuate), margins dentate or entire.

Basal leaves

petiole (1–)2–10(–15) cm;

blade lanceolate, 10–45 cm, margins coarsely dentate or pinnatifid, lateral lobes oblong or lanceolate, (terminal lobe deltate or lanceolate, larger than lateral lobes).

Cauline leaves

(distalmost) blade lanceolate or sublinear.

Racemes

(corymbose or paniculate), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals (yellowish green), oblong, (margins membranous), (glabrous, [pubescent or glandular]);

petals obovate, (longer than sepals), claw distinct or absent, (apex obtuse to emarginate);

stamens strongly tetradynamous;

filaments (yellowish), not dilated basally [dilated];

anthers oblong [ovate], (apex obtuse);

nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of stamens, median glands present.

sepals spreading, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

petals (4–)4.5–7(–8) × (2–)3–5 mm, claw (slender), 1–2 mm;

filaments 1.5–3.5 mm;

anthers 0.8–1 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate, slender.

divaricate, straight, 1–2(–2.3) cm.

Fruits

nutletlike, sessile, (readily detached from pedicel), oblong, ovoid, or subglobose, smooth, terete, 4-angled, or with 4 cristate wings, (1–4-loculed), (woody);

valves (not distinct) not veined, glabrous;

replum not distinct;

septum subwoody or absent;

ovules 2–4 per ovary;

style obsolete or distinct, (slender, filiform or subconical);

stigma capitate.

ovoid, or, rarely, suboblong and slightly constricted at middle, terete, not winged, 1- or 2-loculed, (0.5–)0.6–0.7(–0.8) cm × 3–4(–5) mm, (gradually tapering to apex);

style obsolete or, rarely, to 1 mm.

Seeds

plump [flattened], not winged, subglobose to ovoid [oblong];

seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons spirolobal.

1 or 2 per fruit, 2–3.5 mm.

x

= 7.

2n

= 14.

Bunias

Bunias orientalis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, pastures, meadows, disturbed areas, waste places
Distribution
from USDA
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MA; MI; NY; OH; PA; BC; NB; NS; QC; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

Bunias erucago and B. orientalis have the same chromosome number; the former has only about 0.8-fold of the DNA amount of B. orientalis (J. Greilhuber and R. Obermayer 1999). Although both species are widespread weeds in Europe, they have not spread much in North America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Fruits 4-winged, 4-loculed, (0.8-)0.9-1.3(-1.4) cm; seeds 3 or 4; petals (8-)10-13 mm; styles 3.5-5(-6) mm.
B. erucago
1. Fruits not winged, 1- or 2-loculed, (0.5-)0.6-0.7(-0.8) cm; seeds 1 or 2; petals (4-)4.5-7(-8) mm; styles obsolete or, rarely, to 1 mm.
B. orientalis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 444. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 445.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Buniadeae Brassicaceae > tribe Buniadeae > Bunias
Sibling taxa
B. erucago
Subordinate taxa
B. erucago, B. orientalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 669. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 300. (1754) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 670. (1753)
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