Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja sessiliflora |
|
---|---|---|
smoke bush |
butterfly-bush, Rio Grande butterfly bush |
|
Habit | Shrubs, climbing, sarmentose, 20–50 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 15–40 dm. |
Stems | branched, tomentose. |
much-branched, tomentose when young. |
Leaves | often with globular stipular lines; petiole 5–15 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 8–15 × 2–5 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrate. |
basal: stipular lines evident; petiole 10–40 mm; blade ovate, 9–23 × 5–14 cm, base attenuate to obtuse, decurrent, margins serrate or double-serrate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface tomentulose, adaxial glabrate; cauline: stipular lines evident; petiole 0–10 mm; blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 5–15 × 1.5–3 cm, base attenuate, decurrent, margins entire or irregularly serrate, apex acute, abaxial surface tomentulose, adaxial glabrate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, tapering-spicate thyrses, 5–25 × 3–5 cm, cymes 10–25 pairs, 5–15-flowered. |
terminal, pseudoverticillate spikes, 6–25 × 1–3 cm, cymes 5–20 pairs, 10–35-flowered. |
Pedicels | essentially absent; bracteoles present. |
absent; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | slightly fragrant; calyx tomentose externally, tube 2–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm; corolla yellowish orange, salverform, tube 7–9 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm; stamens inserted proximal to throat of corolla tube, included in tube; ovary subglobular, 1–1.5 mm, tomentose at tip; stigma clavate, 1–1.5 mm. |
malodorous; calyx tomentose externally, tube 1.7–3 mm, lobes 1–1.8 mm; corolla yellow, funnelform, tube 3.2–4.2 mm, lobes ovate, 1–1.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm; stamens inserted 1 mm proximal to orifice of corolla tube, included in tube; ovary ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, distal 1/2 tomentose; stigma clavate, 1.2–1.4 mm. |
Fruits | berries, bluish purple, globular, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 mm, papillose, indehiscent. |
capsules, brown, cylindric, 4–4.5 × 1.7–2 mm, tomentose at apex, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal. |
Seeds | ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent. |
fusiform, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, wings short. |
2n | = 38. |
= 76. |
Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja sessiliflora |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May; fruiting not known in continental United States. | Flowering Jan–Apr; fruiting Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides. | Tamaulipan thorn scrub, riparian woodlands, roadsides. |
Elevation | 10–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 10–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Europe (Greece), Africa (Republic of South Africa), Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Réunion), Pacific Islands (Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia] |
AZ; TX; Mexico
|
Discussion | Buddleja madagascariensis is considered a serious invader in Hawaii at 900–1200 m, where it sets abundant fruits (Hawaii Invasive Species Council, https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/smoke-bush/); this contrasts with the report by A. J. M. Leeuwenberg (1979) that he had observed specimens with fruits only from Crete, Madagascar, and Mauritius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Buddleja sessiliflora is found in association with Dodonaea viscosa, Fouquieria splendens, and Parkinsonia aculeata in Arizona and with Celtis laevigata, Fraxinus berlandieriana, and Prosopis glandulosa in southernmost Texas. It is widespread in Mexico from Sonora and Tamaulipas to the Isthmus de Tehuantepec, except in the Chihuahuan Desert, at elevations to 2800 m. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 329. | FNA vol. 17, p. 331. |
Parent taxa | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nicodemia madagascariensis | B. pringlei |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 1: 513. (1785) — (as Budleia) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 278; 2(qto.): 345; plate 182. (1818) |
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