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smoke bush

butterfly-bush, Rio Grande butterfly bush

Habit Shrubs, climbing, sarmentose, 20–50 dm. Shrubs or trees, 15–40 dm.
Stems

branched, tomentose.

much-branched, tomentose when young.

Leaves

often with globular stipular lines;

petiole 5–15 mm;

blade ovate to elliptic, 8–15 × 2–5 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrate.

basal: stipular lines evident;

petiole 10–40 mm;

blade ovate, 9–23 × 5–14 cm, base attenuate to obtuse, decurrent, margins serrate or double-serrate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface tomentulose, adaxial glabrate;

cauline: stipular lines evident;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 5–15 × 1.5–3 cm, base attenuate, decurrent, margins entire or irregularly serrate, apex acute, abaxial surface tomentulose, adaxial glabrate.

Inflorescences

terminal, tapering-spicate thyrses, 5–25 × 3–5 cm, cymes 10–25 pairs, 5–15-flowered.

terminal, pseudoverticillate spikes, 6–25 × 1–3 cm, cymes 5–20 pairs, 10–35-flowered.

Pedicels

essentially absent;

bracteoles present.

absent;

bracteoles absent.

Flowers

slightly fragrant;

calyx tomentose externally, tube 2–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm;

corolla yellowish orange, salverform, tube 7–9 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm;

stamens inserted proximal to throat of corolla tube, included in tube;

ovary subglobular, 1–1.5 mm, tomentose at tip;

stigma clavate, 1–1.5 mm.

malodorous;

calyx tomentose externally, tube 1.7–3 mm, lobes 1–1.8 mm;

corolla yellow, funnelform, tube 3.2–4.2 mm, lobes ovate, 1–1.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm;

stamens inserted 1 mm proximal to orifice of corolla tube, included in tube;

ovary ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, distal 1/2 tomentose;

stigma clavate, 1.2–1.4 mm.

Fruits

berries, bluish purple, globular, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 mm, papillose, indehiscent.

capsules, brown, cylindric, 4–4.5 × 1.7–2 mm, tomentose at apex, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal.

Seeds

ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent.

fusiform, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, wings short.

2n

= 38.

= 76.

Buddleja madagascariensis

Buddleja sessiliflora

Phenology Flowering Mar–May; fruiting not known in continental United States. Flowering Jan–Apr; fruiting Mar–Jun.
Habitat Roadsides. Tamaulipan thorn scrub, riparian woodlands, roadsides.
Elevation 10–20 m. (0–100 ft.) 10–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Europe (Greece), Africa (Republic of South Africa), Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Réunion), Pacific Islands (Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Buddleja madagascariensis is considered a serious invader in Hawaii at 900–1200 m, where it sets abundant fruits (Hawaii Invasive Species Council, https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/smoke-bush/); this contrasts with the report by A. J. M. Leeuwenberg (1979) that he had observed specimens with fruits only from Crete, Madagascar, and Mauritius.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Buddleja sessiliflora is found in association with Dodonaea viscosa, Fouquieria splendens, and Parkinsonia aculeata in Arizona and with Celtis laevigata, Fraxinus berlandieriana, and Prosopis glandulosa in southernmost Texas. It is widespread in Mexico from Sonora and Tamaulipas to the Isthmus de Tehuantepec, except in the Chihuahuan Desert, at elevations to 2800 m.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 329. FNA vol. 17, p. 331.
Parent taxa Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja
Sibling taxa
B. davidii, B. indica, B. lindleyana, B. marrubiifolia, B. racemosa, B. saligna, B. scordioides, B. sessiliflora, B. utahensis
B. davidii, B. indica, B. lindleyana, B. madagascariensis, B. marrubiifolia, B. racemosa, B. saligna, B. scordioides, B. utahensis
Synonyms Nicodemia madagascariensis B. pringlei
Name authority Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 1: 513. (1785) — (as Budleia) Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(fol.): 278; 2(qto.): 345; plate 182. (1818)
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