Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja saligna |
|
---|---|---|
smoke bush |
false olive, squarestem butterfly bush |
|
Habit | Shrubs, climbing, sarmentose, 20–50 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 5–50 dm. |
Stems | branched, tomentose. |
much-branched, lepidote when young. |
Leaves | often with globular stipular lines; petiole 5–15 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 8–15 × 2–5 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrate. |
stipular lines faint; petiole 2–10 mm; blade narrowly elliptic to linear, 6–15 × 0.4–3 cm, base cuneate or decurrent, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface appressed-tomentose, adaxial glabrate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, tapering-spicate thyrses, 5–25 × 3–5 cm, cymes 10–25 pairs, 5–15-flowered. |
axillary or terminal, broadly paniculate, 8–14 × 10–16 cm, cymes 5–7 pairs, 15–60-flowered, cymules 3–5-flowered. |
Pedicels | essentially absent; bracteoles present. |
present; bracteoles present or absent. |
Flowers | slightly fragrant; calyx tomentose externally, tube 2–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm; corolla yellowish orange, salverform, tube 7–9 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm; stamens inserted proximal to throat of corolla tube, included in tube; ovary subglobular, 1–1.5 mm, tomentose at tip; stigma clavate, 1–1.5 mm. |
fragrant; calyx lepidote externally, tube 0.5–1 mm, lobes 0.2–0.3 mm; corolla white, campanulate-rotate, tube 1–1.2 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 1–1.5 × 0.7–1 mm; stamens inserted medially in corolla tube, exserted from tube; ovary ovoid, 0.5–0.8 mm, sparsely lepidote; stigma capitate, 0.2 mm. |
Fruits | berries, bluish purple, globular, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 mm, papillose, indehiscent. |
capsules, brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1 mm, sparsely lepidote, dehiscence primarily septicidal. |
Seeds | ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent. |
ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm, wings short at both ends. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja saligna |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May; fruiting not known in continental United States. | Flowering May–Sep; fruiting Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Roadsides. | Roadsides, disturbed chaparral, banks of canyons. |
Elevation | 10–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 400–1200 m. (1300–3900 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Europe (Greece), Africa (Republic of South Africa), Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Réunion), Pacific Islands (Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia] |
CA; Africa (Republic of South Africa) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia] |
Discussion | Buddleja madagascariensis is considered a serious invader in Hawaii at 900–1200 m, where it sets abundant fruits (Hawaii Invasive Species Council, https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/smoke-bush/); this contrasts with the report by A. J. M. Leeuwenberg (1979) that he had observed specimens with fruits only from Crete, Madagascar, and Mauritius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Buddleja saligna is established in Los Angeles County, where it was first collected in 1965 (Fuller 13379, CDA). It was originally reported for California under the illegitimate name Chilianthus oleaceous Burchell. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 329. | FNA vol. 17, p. 331. |
Parent taxa | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nicodemia madagascariensis | |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 1: 513. (1785) — (as Budleia) | Willdenow: Enum. Pl. 1: 159. (1809) |
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