Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja davidii |
|
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smoke bush |
butterfly-bush, orange eye, orange-eye butterfly-bush, orange-eyed butterfly-bush, summer-lilac |
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Habit | Shrubs, climbing, sarmentose, 20–50 dm. | Shrubs, 5–30 dm. |
Stems | branched, tomentose. |
branched, tomentose. |
Leaves | often with globular stipular lines; petiole 5–15 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 8–15 × 2–5 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrate. |
often with auriculate stipules; petiole 5 mm; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10–15 × 2–4 cm, base attenuate or cuneate, margins serrate or subentire, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, tapering-spicate thyrses, 5–25 × 3–5 cm, cymes 10–25 pairs, 5–15-flowered. |
terminal, tapered-spicate or narrowly paniculate thyrses, 10–20 × 2–4 cm, cymes almost encircling inflorescence axis, 10–25 pairs, 3–30-flowered. |
Pedicels | essentially absent; bracteoles present. |
essentially absent; bracteoles present. |
Flowers | slightly fragrant; calyx tomentose externally, tube 2–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm; corolla yellowish orange, salverform, tube 7–9 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm; stamens inserted proximal to throat of corolla tube, included in tube; ovary subglobular, 1–1.5 mm, tomentose at tip; stigma clavate, 1–1.5 mm. |
fragrant; calyx sparsely hairy externally, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.5 mm; corolla straight, violet or pink, rarely white, often with yellow-orange eye, salverform, tube 8–10 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2–3 × 2–3 mm; stamens inserted medially in corolla tube, included in tube; ovary ovoid, 2 mm, glabrous or puberulent; stigma clavate, 1 mm. |
Fruits | berries, bluish purple, globular, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 mm, papillose, indehiscent. |
capsules, brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 5–9 × 1.5–2 mm, glabrous or puberulent, dehiscence primarily septicidal. |
Seeds | ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent. |
threadlike, 3–4 × 0.5 mm, wings long. |
2n | = 38. |
= 76. |
Buddleja madagascariensis |
Buddleja davidii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May; fruiting not known in continental United States. | Flowering May–Oct; fruiting Jul–Nov. |
Habitat | Roadsides. | Roadsides, railroad embankments, quarries, streambeds, landslide scars, sandy lakeshores, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 10–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Europe (Greece), Africa (Republic of South Africa), Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Réunion), Pacific Islands (Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia] |
AL; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Buddleja madagascariensis is considered a serious invader in Hawaii at 900–1200 m, where it sets abundant fruits (Hawaii Invasive Species Council, https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/smoke-bush/); this contrasts with the report by A. J. M. Leeuwenberg (1979) that he had observed specimens with fruits only from Crete, Madagascar, and Mauritius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Buddleja davidii has been designated as a noxious weed in Oregon and Washington; it is a serious invader also in England, New Zealand, and Australia. It can often form dense thickets and produce abundant seeds (N. G. Tallent-Halsell and M. S. Watt 2009). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 329. | FNA vol. 17, p. 328. |
Parent taxa | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja | Scrophulariaceae > Buddleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nicodemia madagascariensis | |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 1: 513. (1785) — (as Budleia) | Franchet: Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 65. 1887–1888 — (as Budleia davidi) |
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