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cheat brome, cheat grass, downy brome, downy chess, drooping brome

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual.
Culms

5-90 cm, erect, slender, puberulent below the panicle.

Sheaths

usually densely and softly retrorsely pubescent to pilose, upper sheaths sometimes glabrous;

auricles absent;

ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate;

blades to 16 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, both surfaces softly hairy.

Panicles

5-20 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, open, lax, drooping distally, usually 1-sided;

branches 1-4 cm, drooping, usually 1-sided and longer than the spikelets, usually at least 1 branch with 4-8 spikelets.

Spikelets

10-20 mm, usually shorter than the panicle branches, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, often purplish-tinged, not densely crowded, with 4-8 florets.

with parallel or diverging sides in outline, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets.

Glumes

villous, pubescent, or glabrous, margins hyaline;

lower glumes 4-9 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 7-13 mm, 3-5-veined;

lemmas 9-12 mm, lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent to pilose, 5-7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, often with some hairs longer than those on the backs, apices acuminate, hyaline, bifid, teeth 0.8-2(3) mm;

awns 10-18 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 0.5-1 mm.

Lower

glumes 1-3-veined;

upper glumes 3-5-veined;

lemmas lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, apices acuminate, teeth 0.8-5 mm;

awns straight or arcuate, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices.

2n

= 14.

Bromus tectorum

Bromus sect. Genea

Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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Discussion

Bromus tectorum is a European species that is well established in the Flora region and other parts of the world. It grows in disturbed sites, such as overgrazed rangelands, fields, sand dunes, road verges, and waste places. In the southwestern United States, Bromus tectorum is considered a good source of spring feed for cattle, at least until the awns mature. It is highly competitive and dominates rapidly after fire, especially in sagebrush areas. The resulting dense, fine fuels permanently shorten the fire-return interval, further hindering reestablishment of native species. It now dominates large areas of the sagebrush ecosystem of the western Flora region.

Specimens with glabrous spikelets have been called Bromus tectorum f. nudus (Klett & Richt.) H. St. John. They occur throughout the range of the species, and are not known to have any other distinguishing characteristics. For this reason, they are not given formal recognition in this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus sect. Genea is native to Europe and northern Africa; five of its six species are established in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lemmas 20-35 mm long
B. diandrus
1. Lemmas 9-20 mm long.
→ 2
2. Spikelets usually shorter than the panicle branches; panicle branches ascending to spreading or drooping.
→ 3
3. Lemmas 14-20 mm long; panicles with spreading, ascending, or drooping branches, rarely with any branches with more than 3 spikelets
B. sterilis
3. Lemmas 9-12 mm long; panicles with drooping branches, often with 1 or more branches with 4-8 spikelets
B. tectorum
2. Spikelets longer than the panicle branches; panicle branches ascending to spreading, never drooping.
→ 4
4. Some panicle branches 1-3+ cm long, most branches visible
B. madritensis
4. Panicle branches 0.1-1 cm long, usually not readily visible
B. rubens
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 226. FNA vol. 24, p. 224.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Subordinate taxa
B. diandrus, B. madritensis, B. rubens, B. sterilis, B. tectorum
Synonyms B. tectorum var. nudus, B. tectorum var. glabratus, Anisantha tectorum
Name authority L. Dumort.
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