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Pacific brome

compact brome, foxtail brome, foxtail chess, madrid brome, Spanish brome

Habit Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. Plants annual.
Culms

60-170 cm, erect;

nodes (5)6-8, pubescent;

internodes usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent near the nodes.

34-70 cm, erect or ascending, glabrous or puberulent below the panicle.

Sheaths

pilose, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar;

auricles absent;

ligules 2-4 mm, glabrous, truncate, erose or lacerate;

blades 20-35(37) mm long, 6-16 mm wide, flat, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces pilose.

densely short-pubescent or glabrous;

auricles absent;

ligules 1.5-2 mm, glabrous, obtuse, erose;

blades 4-20 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, flat, both surfaces pubescent or glabrous.

Panicles

10-25 cm, open, nodding;

branches ascending, spreading, or drooping.

3-15 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, open, erect;

branches (at least some) 1-3+ cm, ascending to spreading, never drooping, usually visible, with 1 or 2 spikelets.

Spikelets

20-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with (4)6-10 florets.

30-50 mm, longer than the panicle branches, not densely crowded, with parallel sides or widening distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 6-10 florets.

Glumes

pubescent;

lower glumes 6-8.5 mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes 8-11.5 mm, 3-veined, not mucronate;

lemmas 10-12 mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs pubescent, margins more densely so, apices acute, entire;

awns 3.5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 2-4 mm.

pilose, margins hyaline;

lower glumes 5-10 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 10-15 mm, 3-veined;

lemmas 12-20 mm, linear-lanceolate, often arcuate, pubescent, with longer hairs near the margins, 5-7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices acuminate, teeth 1.5-3 mm;

awns 12-23 mm, straight or arcuate, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 0.5-1 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Bromus pacificus

Bromus madritensis

Distribution
from FNA
AK; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; IL; MD; MI; MS; NV; OR; VA; HI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus pacificus grows in moist thickets, openings, and ravines along the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to northern California, with a few occurrences further inland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus madritensis is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, and grows in disturbed soil, waste places, banks, and road verges in southern Oregon, California, and Arizona.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 218. FNA vol. 24, p. 226.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms Bromopsis pacifica
Name authority Shear L.
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