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Pacific brome

California brome, mountain brome

Habit Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; loosely cespitose.
Culms

60-170 cm, erect;

nodes (5)6-8, pubescent;

internodes usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent near the nodes.

45-120(180) cm tall, usually less than 3 mm thick, erect.

Sheaths

pilose, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar;

auricles absent;

ligules 2-4 mm, glabrous, truncate, erose or lacerate;

blades 20-35(37) mm long, 6-16 mm wide, flat, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces pilose.

mostly glabrous or retrorsely soft pilose, throats usually hairy;

auricles sometimes present on the lower leaves;

ligules 1-3.5(4) mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, acute to obtuse, lacerate or erose;

blades 8-30 cm long, 1-12 mm wide, flat or becoming involute, glabrous or sparsely pilose to pubescent on 1 or both surfaces.

Panicles

10-25 cm, open, nodding;

branches ascending, spreading, or drooping.

5-40 cm, lax, open or erect;

lower branches usually shorter than 10 cm, 1-4 per node, ascending to strongly divergent or reflexed, with 1-4 spikelets variously distributed.

Spikelets

20-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with (4)6-10 florets.

20-40 mm, shorter than at least some pedicels and branches, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, not crowded or overlapping, sometimes purplish, with 4-11 florets.

Glumes

pubescent;

lower glumes 6-8.5 mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes 8-11.5 mm, 3-veined, not mucronate;

lemmas 10-12 mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs pubescent, margins more densely so, apices acute, entire;

awns 3.5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 2-4 mm.

glabrous or pubescent;

lower glumes 7-11 mm, 3-7(9)-veined;

upper glumes 9-13 mm, shorter than the lowest lemma, 5-9(11)-veined;

lemmas 10-16(17) mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, strongly keeled distally, usually more or less uniformly pubescent or pubescent on the margins only, sometimes glabrous or scabrous, 7-9-veined, veins usually not raised or riblike, apices entire or with acute teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 4-17 mm, sometimes slightly geniculate;

anthers 1-6 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 28, 42, 56.

Bromus pacificus

Bromus carinatus

Distribution
from FNA
AK; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; KS; NM; OR; WA; AB; BC; ON; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus pacificus grows in moist thickets, openings, and ravines along the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to northern California, with a few occurrences further inland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus carinatus is native from British Columbia to Saskatchewan and south to Mexico. It has been introduced to various more eastern locations and to the southern Yukon Territory. The two varieties recognized here are sometimes recognized as species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Most awns 8-17 mm long
var. carinatus
1. Most awns 4-7 mm long
var. marginatus
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 218. FNA vol. 24, p. 203.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Subordinate taxa
B. carinatus var. carinatus, B. carinatus var. marginatus
Synonyms Bromopsis pacifica Ceratochloa carinata
Name authority Shear Hook. & Arn.
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