Bromus pacificus |
Bromus carinatus |
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Pacific brome |
California brome, mountain brome |
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Habit | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. | Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; loosely cespitose. | ||||
Culms | 60-170 cm, erect; nodes (5)6-8, pubescent; internodes usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent near the nodes. |
45-120(180) cm tall, usually less than 3 mm thick, erect. |
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Sheaths | pilose, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar; auricles absent; ligules 2-4 mm, glabrous, truncate, erose or lacerate; blades 20-35(37) mm long, 6-16 mm wide, flat, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces pilose. |
mostly glabrous or retrorsely soft pilose, throats usually hairy; auricles sometimes present on the lower leaves; ligules 1-3.5(4) mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, acute to obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 8-30 cm long, 1-12 mm wide, flat or becoming involute, glabrous or sparsely pilose to pubescent on 1 or both surfaces. |
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Panicles | 10-25 cm, open, nodding; branches ascending, spreading, or drooping. |
5-40 cm, lax, open or erect; lower branches usually shorter than 10 cm, 1-4 per node, ascending to strongly divergent or reflexed, with 1-4 spikelets variously distributed. |
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Spikelets | 20-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with (4)6-10 florets. |
20-40 mm, shorter than at least some pedicels and branches, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, not crowded or overlapping, sometimes purplish, with 4-11 florets. |
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Glumes | pubescent; lower glumes 6-8.5 mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes 8-11.5 mm, 3-veined, not mucronate; lemmas 10-12 mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs pubescent, margins more densely so, apices acute, entire; awns 3.5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 2-4 mm. |
glabrous or pubescent; lower glumes 7-11 mm, 3-7(9)-veined; upper glumes 9-13 mm, shorter than the lowest lemma, 5-9(11)-veined; lemmas 10-16(17) mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, strongly keeled distally, usually more or less uniformly pubescent or pubescent on the margins only, sometimes glabrous or scabrous, 7-9-veined, veins usually not raised or riblike, apices entire or with acute teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 4-17 mm, sometimes slightly geniculate; anthers 1-6 mm. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 28, 42, 56. |
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Bromus pacificus |
Bromus carinatus |
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Distribution |
AK; OR; WA; BC
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AK; CA; CO; KS; NM; OR; WA; AB; BC; ON; YT
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Discussion | Bromus pacificus grows in moist thickets, openings, and ravines along the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to northern California, with a few occurrences further inland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus carinatus is native from British Columbia to Saskatchewan and south to Mexico. It has been introduced to various more eastern locations and to the southern Yukon Territory. The two varieties recognized here are sometimes recognized as species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 218. | FNA vol. 24, p. 203. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Bromopsis pacifica | Ceratochloa carinata | ||||
Name authority | Shear | Hook. & Arn. | ||||
Web links |
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