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Australian brome, hairy chess, Japanese brome, Japanese bromegrass, Japanese chess

Alaska brome, Sitka brome

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; loosely cespitose.
Culms

(22)30-70 cm, erect or ascending.

120-180 cm tall, 3-5 mm thick, erect.

Sheaths

usually densely pilose;

upper sheaths sometimes pubescent or glabrous;

ligules 1-2.2 mm, pilose, obtuse, lacerate;

blades 10-20 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, usually pilose on both surfaces.

glabrous or sparsely pilose;

auricles absent;

ligules 3-4 mm, glabrous or hairy, obtuse, lacerate;

blades 20^40 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, flat, sparsely pilose adaxially or on both surfaces.

Panicles

10-22 cm long, 4-13 cm wide, open, nodding;

branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to spreading or somewhat drooping, slender, flexuous, sometimes sinuous, often with more than 1 spikelet.

25-35 cm, open;

lower branches to 20 cm, 2-4(6) per node, spreading, often drooping, with 1-3 spikelets on the distal 1/2 sometimes confined to the tips.

Spikelets

20-40 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed;

florets 6-12, bases concealed at maturity;

rachilla internodes concealed at maturity.

18-38 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, with (5)6-9 florets.

Glumes

smooth or scabrous;

lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, (3)5-veined;

upper glumes 5-8 mm, 7-veined;

lemmas 7-9 mm long, 1.2-2.2 mm wide, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth proximally, scabrous on the distal 1/2, obscurely (7)9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.3-0.6 mm wide, obtusely angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 8-13 mm, strongly divergent at maturity, sometimes erect, twisted, flattened at the base, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 1-1.5 mm.

glabrous, sometimes scabrous;

lower glumes 6-10 mm, 3-5-veined;

upper glumes 8-11 mm, 5-7-veined;

lemmas 12-14(15) mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, 7-11-veined, strongly keeled at least distally, usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous, margins sometimes sparsely pilose, apices entire or with acute teeth, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 5-10 mm;

anthers to 6 mm.

Caryopses

equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat.

2n

= 14.

= 42, 56.

Bromus japonicus

Bromus sitchensis

Distribution
from USDA
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus japonicus grows in fields, waste places, and road verges. It is native to central and southeastern Europe and Asia, and is distributed throughout much of the United States and southern Canada, with one record from the Yukon Territory.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus sitchensis grows on exposed rock bluffs and cliffs, and in meadows, often in the partial shade of forests along the ocean edge, and on road verges and other disturbed sites. Its range extends from the Aleutian Islands and Alaska panhandle through British Columbia to southern California.

Bromus sitchensis resembles B. aleutensis, the two sometimes being treated as conspecific varieties. Bromus sitchensis is predominantly outcrossing, while B. aleutensis is predominantly self-fertilizing (C.L. Hitchcock 1969).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 235. FNA vol. 24, p. 201.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. japonicus var. porrectus
Name authority Thunb. Trin.
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