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Australian brome, hairy chess, Japanese brome, Japanese bromegrass, Japanese chess

field brome, soft brome

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual.
Culms

(22)30-70 cm, erect or ascending.

80-110 cm, erect.

Sheaths

usually densely pilose;

upper sheaths sometimes pubescent or glabrous;

ligules 1-2.2 mm, pilose, obtuse, lacerate;

blades 10-20 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, usually pilose on both surfaces.

Panicles

10-22 cm long, 4-13 cm wide, open, nodding;

branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to spreading or somewhat drooping, slender, flexuous, sometimes sinuous, often with more than 1 spikelet.

11-30 cm long, 4-20 cm wide, open, erect or nodding;

branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to widely spreading, slender, slightly curved or straight.

Spikelets

20-40 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed;

florets 6-12, bases concealed at maturity;

rachilla internodes concealed at maturity.

10-25 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, often purple-tinged;

florets 4-10, bases concealed or visible at maturity;

rachilla internodes concealed or visible at maturity.

Glumes

smooth or scabrous;

lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, (3)5-veined;

upper glumes 5-8 mm, 7-veined;

lemmas 7-9 mm long, 1.2-2.2 mm wide, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth proximally, scabrous on the distal 1/2, obscurely (7)9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.3-0.6 mm wide, obtusely angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 8-13 mm, strongly divergent at maturity, sometimes erect, twisted, flattened at the base, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 1-1.5 mm.

glabrous;

lower glumes 4-6 mm, 3-veined;

upper glumes 5-8 mm, 5-veined;

lemmas 7-9 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide, lanceolate, obscurely 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, glabrous, coriaceous, margins slightly angled, inrolled or not at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 6-11 mm, straight, arising at varying distances below the lemma apices;

anthers 2.5-5 mm.

Caryopses

equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat.

shorter than the paleas, weakly to strongly inrolled.

Lower

sheaths with dense, soft, appressed hairs;

ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose;

blades 10-20 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, coarsely pilose on both surfaces.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Bromus japonicus

Bromus arvensis

Distribution
from USDA
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus japonicus grows in fields, waste places, and road verges. It is native to central and southeastern Europe and Asia, and is distributed throughout much of the United States and southern Canada, with one record from the Yukon Territory.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus arvensis grows along roadsides and in fields and waste places at scattered locations in the Flora region. It is native to southern and south-central Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 235. FNA vol. 24, p. 228.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. japonicus var. porrectus
Name authority Thunb. L.
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