Bromus japonicus |
Bromus arvensis |
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Australian brome, hairy chess, Japanese brome, Japanese bromegrass, Japanese chess |
field brome, soft brome |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual. |
Culms | (22)30-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
80-110 cm, erect. |
Sheaths | usually densely pilose; upper sheaths sometimes pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-2.2 mm, pilose, obtuse, lacerate; blades 10-20 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, usually pilose on both surfaces. |
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Panicles | 10-22 cm long, 4-13 cm wide, open, nodding; branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to spreading or somewhat drooping, slender, flexuous, sometimes sinuous, often with more than 1 spikelet. |
11-30 cm long, 4-20 cm wide, open, erect or nodding; branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to widely spreading, slender, slightly curved or straight. |
Spikelets | 20-40 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 6-12, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
10-25 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, often purple-tinged; florets 4-10, bases concealed or visible at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed or visible at maturity. |
Glumes | smooth or scabrous; lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, (3)5-veined; upper glumes 5-8 mm, 7-veined; lemmas 7-9 mm long, 1.2-2.2 mm wide, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth proximally, scabrous on the distal 1/2, obscurely (7)9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.3-0.6 mm wide, obtusely angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 8-13 mm, strongly divergent at maturity, sometimes erect, twisted, flattened at the base, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 1-1.5 mm. |
glabrous; lower glumes 4-6 mm, 3-veined; upper glumes 5-8 mm, 5-veined; lemmas 7-9 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide, lanceolate, obscurely 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, glabrous, coriaceous, margins slightly angled, inrolled or not at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-11 mm, straight, arising at varying distances below the lemma apices; anthers 2.5-5 mm. |
Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
shorter than the paleas, weakly to strongly inrolled. |
Lower | sheaths with dense, soft, appressed hairs; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 10-20 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, coarsely pilose on both surfaces. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Bromus japonicus |
Bromus arvensis |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK
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Discussion | Bromus japonicus grows in fields, waste places, and road verges. It is native to central and southeastern Europe and Asia, and is distributed throughout much of the United States and southern Canada, with one record from the Yukon Territory. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus arvensis grows along roadsides and in fields and waste places at scattered locations in the Flora region. It is native to southern and south-central Europe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 235. | FNA vol. 24, p. 228. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. japonicus var. porrectus | |
Name authority | Thunb. | L. |
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