Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus ramosus |
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brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
hairy brome |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
40-190 cm, erect; nodes 2-4, usually pubescent; internodes usually pubescent. |
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Sheaths | with long, stiff, retrorse hairs, at least on the lower portion, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar; auricles present; ligules 2-3.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, rounded to truncate, erose; blades 10-60 cm long, 6-15 mm wide, flat, drooping, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Panicles | 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
15-40 cm long, open, lax, drooping; branches spreading or drooping. |
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Spikelets | (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
20-40 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3-10 florets. |
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Glumes | pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
glabrous, scabridulous over the veins; lower glumes 5-8 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 8-11 mm, 3-veined, mucronate; lemmas 10-14 mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, margins and at least the lower 1/2 of the backs pubescent, apices acute, entire or emarginate, lobes shorter than 1 mm; awns 4-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 2.5-4 mm. |
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Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 14, 28, 42. |
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Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus ramosus |
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Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
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DC; KY; LA; ME; MS |
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Discussion | Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus ramosus is native to Asia, Europe, and northern Africa. It is included here based on Pavlick's (1995) statement that it is found sporadically in the southern and eastern United States; specimens to substantiate his statement have not been located. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | FNA vol. 24, p. 220. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. mollis | |||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | Huds. | ||||||||||||
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