Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus lanceolatus |
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brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
lanceolate brome, Mediterranean brome |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial. | Plants annual. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
30-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
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Sheaths | often densely hairy with soft, white hairs; ligules 1-2 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 10-30 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Panicles | 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
5-15 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, erect, densely contracted when immature, more open with age; branches usually shorter than the spikelets, rigid, ascending to slightly spreading, slightly curved or straight. |
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Spikelets | (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
20-50 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, often 2+ per node; florets 7-20, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
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Glumes | pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
pilose; lower glumes 5-9 mm, 3-5-veined: upper glumes 8-12 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 11-20 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide, lanceolate, pilose, obscurely 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins rounded, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-12 mm, to 20 mm on some distal lemmas, divaricate when mature, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 1-1.5 mm. |
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Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
equaling or slightly shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 28, 42. |
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Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus lanceolatus |
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Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
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DC; LA; NY; TX; AB |
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Discussion | Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus lanceolatus grows in waste places, and is also cultivated as an ornamental. It has been introduced to the Flora region from southern Europe, and is reported from scattered sites, e.g., Yonkers, New York (wool waste); College Station, Texas; and Pima County, Arizona. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | FNA vol. 24, p. 235. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. mollis | B. macrostachys | ||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | Roth | ||||||||||||
Web links |
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