Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus erectus |
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brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
brome dresse, erect brome, meadow brome, upright brome |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
50-100 cm, erect; nodes (1)2-3, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent; internodes usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
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Sheaths | glabrous or pilose; auricles absent; ligules to 1.5 mm, glabrous, truncate, lacerate; blades 10-20 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, often involute or folded, glabrous or sparingly hairy. |
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Panicles | 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
10-20 cm, erect, contracted; branches erect or ascending. |
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Spikelets | (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
15-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 5-8(12) florets. |
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Glumes | pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
glabrous; lower glumes 7-9 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 9-11 mm, 3-veined; lemmas 10-13(15) mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs and margins glabrous or sparsely pubescent, apices subulate to acute, entire; awns 5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 4-6.5 mm. |
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Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 56. |
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Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus erectus |
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Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
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AL; CA; CT; DC; ID; IL; KY; MA; ME; MI; ND; NY; OH; OR; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; NS; ON; QC |
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Discussion | Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus erectus is native to Europe. In the Flora region, it grows on disturbed soils, often over limestone. It is established in the eastern United States and Canada, and has been reported from other locations where it has not persisted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | FNA vol. 24, p. 218. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. mollis | |||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | Huds. | ||||||||||||
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