Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus danthoniae |
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brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
oat brome, three-awn brome |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial. | Plants annual. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
5-40 cm, erect or ascending. |
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Sheaths | glabrous or pubescent; ligules 1.2-2.6 mm, puberulent, obtuse, laciniate; blades 2-15 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, pubescent on both surfaces. |
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Panicles | 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
2-12 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, dense, ovoid, stiffly erect, sometimes racemose; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending, slightly curved or straight. |
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Spikelets | (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
10-40(45) mm long, 4-10 mm wide, lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, laterally compressed; florets 5-8(10), bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
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Glumes | pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
glabrous or pubescent; lower glumes 5-8.5 mm, 3-5-veined, lanceolate; upper glumes 6.5-9.5 mm, 7-9(11)-veined, elliptic; lemmas 8-12(13.5) mm long, 6-7 mm wide, oblanceolate, veins glabrous, scabridulous, or ciliolate, glabrous or pubescent elsewhere, 9-11-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins broadly hyaline, bluntly angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices subulate to acute or obtuse, toothed, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns usually 3 on the upper lemmas in each spikelet, arising 2-4 mm below the lemma apices, purple or deep red, central awn 5-25 mm, flattened at the base, divaricate and sometimes twisted at maturity, lateral awns 4-10 mm, erect or reflexed, sometimes absent or much reduced on the lower lemmas; anthers 1-1.8 mm. |
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Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
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Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus danthoniae |
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Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
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ON |
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Discussion | Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus danthoniae is native from the western Asia to southern Russia and Tibet. It was collected in 1904 in Ontario; no other North American collections are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | FNA vol. 24, p. 233. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. mollis | |||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | Trin. ex C.A. Mey. | ||||||||||||
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