Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus hallii |
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brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
Hall's brome |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
90-150 cm, erect; nodes 1-2(3), pubescent or puberulent; internodes usually puberulent, occasionally glabrous, pilose to densely pubescent below the nodes. |
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Sheaths | densely pubescent to pilose, hairs to 1 mm, collars pilose, hairs to 2 mm; auricles absent; ligules 0.5-2.5 mm long, sparsely to densely pubescent, obtuse, erose; blades 7.5-16.5 cm long, 3-12 mm wide, flat, densely pubescent on both surfaces. |
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Panicles | 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
5-16 cm, open; branches erect, ascending and appressed to slightly spreading. |
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Spikelets | (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
25-35(45) mm, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3-7 florets. |
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Glumes | pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
sparsely to densely pubescent; lower glumes 5-8(9) mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes (7)8-9 mm, 3-veined, sometimes mucronate; lemmas 10-14 mm, elliptic, rounded over the midvein, backs sparsely to densely pubescent, margins pubescent, apices entire; awns 3.5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 3-6 mm. |
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Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
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2n | = 28. |
= unknown. |
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Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus hallii |
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Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
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Discussion | Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus hallii grows in southern California on dry, open or shaded hillsides, rocky slopes, and in montane pine woods, from 1500-2700 m. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | FNA vol. 24, p. 211. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. mollis | B. orcuttianus var. hallii | ||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | (Hitchc.) Saarela & P.M. Peterson | ||||||||||||
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