Bromus diandrus |
Bromus squarrosus |
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great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass |
corn brome, hairy corn brome, squarrose brome |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual. |
Culms | 20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle. |
20-60 cm, erect or geniculately ascending. |
Sheaths | softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading; auricles absent; ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose. |
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Panicles | 13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading; branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets. |
7-20 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, racemose, open, nodding, often with few spikelets, usually secund; branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, ascending-spreading, flexuous, slightly curved, usually with 1 spikelet. |
Spikelets | 25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets. |
15-70 mm, broadly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 8-30, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
Glumes | smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline; lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm; awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. |
smooth or scabrous; lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, 3-5(7)-veined; upper glumes 6-8 mm, 7-veined; lemmas 8-11 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, smooth or scabridulous, 7-9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, strongly angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 8-10 mm, flattened and sometimes twisted at the base, divaricate at maturity, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 1-1.3 mm. |
Caryopses | equaling the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
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Lower | sheaths densely pilose; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose, ciliolate; blades 5-15 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, densely pilose on both surfaces. |
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2n | = 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Bromus diandrus |
Bromus squarrosus |
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Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; GA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI; BC
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AR; CO; CT; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MI; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON
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Discussion | Bromus diandrus is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species. Bromus diandrus, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond B. diandrus sensu lato is often impossible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus squarrosus grows in overgrazed pastures, fields, waste places, and road verges. Native to central Russia and southern Europe, it can be found mainly in southern Canada and the northern half of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 224. | FNA vol. 24, p. 237. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. rigidus var. gussonei, B. rigidus, Anisantha diandra | |
Name authority | Roth | L. |
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