Bromus diandrus |
Bromus pseudolaevipes |
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great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass |
Coast Range brome, southern chinook brome, woodland brome |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle. |
60-120 cm, erect or spreading; nodes 4-6, pubescent or puberulent; internodes mostly glabrous, sometimes pubescent to puberulent just below the nodes. |
Sheaths | softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading; auricles absent; ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose. |
glabrous or pilose, often pilose near the auricles; auricles usually present on the lower leaves, rarely absent; ligules to 1.5 mm, usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous, truncate to obtuse, laciniate, ciliolate; blades 10-25 cm long, 3-9 mm wide, flat, glabrous, pilose on the margins or throughout. |
Panicles | 13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading; branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets. |
10-20 cm, open, usually nodding; branches ascending to spreading or reflexed. |
Spikelets | 25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets. |
15-35 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 4-10 florets. |
Glumes | smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline; lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm; awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. |
usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, sometimes scabrous, margins often bronze-tinged; lower glumes 4-7 mm, 3-veined; upper glumes 6.5-9 mm, (3)5-veined; lemmas 10-13 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, margins often bronze-tinged, pubescent nearly throughout, apices acute to obtuse, entire, rarely slightly emarginate, lobes shorter than 1 mm; awns 3-5 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 3.5-5 mm. |
2n | = 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Bromus diandrus |
Bromus pseudolaevipes |
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Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; GA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI; BC
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CA
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Discussion | Bromus diandrus is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species. Bromus diandrus, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond B. diandrus sensu lato is often impossible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus pseudolaevipes grows in dry, shaded or semishaded sites in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and woodland-savannah zones, from near sea level to about 900 m, in central and southern California. It is not known from Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 224. | FNA vol. 24, p. 211. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. rigidus var. gussonei, B. rigidus, Anisantha diandra | |
Name authority | Roth | Wagnon |
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