Bromus diandrus |
Bromus orcuttianus |
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great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass |
chinook brome, Orcutt brome, Orcutt's brome, Orcutt's brome grass |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle. |
90-150 cm, erect; nodes 2-4, pubescent or puberulent; internodes glabrous to pubescent, pilose to densely pubescent below the nodes. |
Sheaths | softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading; auricles absent; ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose. |
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Panicles | 13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading; branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets. |
7-13.5 cm, open; branches erect, ascending and appressed to slightly spreading. |
Spikelets | 25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets. |
20-40 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3-9(11) florets. |
Glumes | smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline; lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm; awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. |
usually glabrous, occasionally scabrous or pubescent; lower glumes 5-9 mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes 7-11 mm, 3(5)-veined, sometimes mucronate; lemmas 9-16 mm, elliptic, rounded over the midvein, backs usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous or scabrous, margins pubescent or scabrous, apices obtuse, entire; awns (4)5.5-8 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 3-5 mm. |
Basal | sheaths sparingly to densely pilose, hairs 2-4 mm, occasionally glabrous; upper sheaths hairy, hairs to 1 mm, collars glabrous or pilose, hairs to 4 mm; auricles absent; ligules 1-3 mm, usually glabrous, occasionally pilose, obtuse, erose; blades 7-24 cm long, 3-12 mm wide, flat, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
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2n | = 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Bromus diandrus |
Bromus orcuttianus |
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Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; GA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI; BC
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AZ; CA; NV; OR; WA
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Discussion | Bromus diandrus is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species. Bromus diandrus, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond B. diandrus sensu lato is often impossible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus orcuttianus grows on dry hillsides and rocky slopes, and in open pine woods and meadows in the mountains, from 500-3500 m. It is found in the western United States, including Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, and Arizona. It is not known from Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 224. | FNA vol. 24, p. 211. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. rigidus var. gussonei, B. rigidus, Anisantha diandra | |
Name authority | Roth | Vasey |
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