Bromus diandrus |
Bromus mucroglumis |
|
---|---|---|
great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass |
sharpglume brome |
|
Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle. |
50-100 cm, erect or spreading; nodes 5-7, pilose or pubescent; internodes glabrous. |
Sheaths | softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading; auricles absent; ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose. |
|
Panicles | 13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading; branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets. |
10-20 cm, open, nodding; branches ascending or spreading. |
Spikelets | 25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets. |
20-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 5-10 florets. |
Glumes | smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline; lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm; awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. |
usually pilose or pubescent, rarely glabrous; lower glumes 6-8 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 8-8.5 mm, 3-veined, mucronate; lemmas 10-12 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs and margins pilose or pubescent, apices acute to obtuse, entire; awns 3-5 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 1.5-3 mm. |
Basal | sheaths pubescent or pilose, throats pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar; auricles absent; ligules 1-2 mm, glabrous, truncate or obtuse; blades 20-30 cm long, (4)7-11 mm wide, flat, both surfaces pilose or the abaxial surface glabrous. |
|
2n | = 42, 56. |
= 28. |
Bromus diandrus |
Bromus mucroglumis |
|
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; GA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI; BC
|
AZ; NM |
Discussion | Bromus diandrus is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species. Bromus diandrus, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond B. diandrus sensu lato is often impossible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus mucroglumis grows at 1500-3000 m in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 224. | FNA vol. 24, p. 218. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. rigidus var. gussonei, B. rigidus, Anisantha diandra | |
Name authority | Roth | Wagnon |
Web links |
|