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great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass

woolly brome, wooly brome

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; not rhizomatous.
Culms

20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle.

40-90 cm, erect;

nodes 3-5(7), mainly pubescent;

internodes mostly glabrous, puberulent near the nodes.

Sheaths

softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading;

auricles absent;

ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose;

blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose.

Panicles

13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading;

branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets.

10-25 cm, open, nodding;

branches ascending to spreading.

Spikelets

25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets.

10-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 7-12(16) florets.

Glumes

smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline;

lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined;

upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined;

lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm;

awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 0.5-1 mm.

usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent;

lower glumes 5-6.5(7) mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes (6)7-9 mm, 3-veined, not mucronate;

lemmas 8-11 mm, elliptic, rounded over the midvein, backs and margins pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous, apices truncate or obtuse, entire, rarely emarginate, lobes shorter than 1 mm;

awns 2-4 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 1.8-4 mm.

Basal

sheaths densely pilose or glabrous;

upper sheaths glabrous or almost so, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar;

auricles absent;

ligules 1-2 mm, glabrous, truncate or obtuse, sometimes lacerate;

blades 5-20 cm long, to 7 mm wide, flat, both surfaces glabrous, sometimes scabrous.

2n

= 42, 56.

= 28.

Bromus diandrus

Bromus lanatipes

Distribution
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; GA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; NC; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI; BC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; OK; TX
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus diandrus is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species.

Bromus diandrus, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond B. diandrus sensu lato is often impossible.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus lanatipes grows in a wide range of habitats at 800-2500 m, from Wyoming through the southwestern United States to northern Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 224. FNA vol. 24, p. 220.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. rigidus var. gussonei, B. rigidus, Anisantha diandra B. anomalus var. lanatipes, Bromopsis lanatipes
Name authority Roth (Shear) Rydb.
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