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hairy brome, hairy chess, meadow brome

brome inerme, Hungarian brome, smooth brome

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes short to long-creeping.
Culms

40-120 cm, erect or ascending.

50-130 cm, erect, single or a few together;

nodes (2)3-5(6), usually glabrous, rarely pubescent;

internodes usually glabrous, rarely pubescent.

Sheaths

usually glabrous, rarely pubescent or pilose;

auricles sometimes present;

ligules to 3 mm, glabrous, truncate, erose;

blades 11-35(42) cm long, 5-15 mm wide, flat, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent or pilose.

Panicles

7-16 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, open, erect to ascending;

branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, slender, ascending to spreading.

10-20 cm, open, erect;

branches ascending or spreading.

Spikelets

14-18(30) mm, oblong-lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, not purple-tinged;

florets 4-9(11), bases concealed or visible at maturity;

rachilla internodes 1.5-2 mm, concealed or visible at maturity.

20-40 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, sometimes purplish, with (5)8-10 florets.

Glumes

usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous or pubescent;

lower glumes 5-7 mm, 5-veined;

upper glumes 6-9 mm, 7(9)-veined;

lemmas 8-11.5 mm long, 1.7-2.6 mm wide, elliptic to lanceolate, coriaceous, backs usually glabrous, distinctly 7(9)-veined, not ribbed, rounded over the midvein, margins scabrous or pubescent, bluntly angled, inrolled or not at maturity, apices acute to obtuse, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 3-10 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, awn of the lowest lemma shorter than the others;

anthers 0.7-1.7 mm.

glabrous;

lower glumes (4)6-8(9) mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes (5)7-10 mm, 3-veined;

lemmas 9-13 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, usually glabrous and smooth, sometimes scabrous, margins sometimes sparsely puberulent, the basal part of the backs less frequently so, apices acute to obtuse, entire;

awns absent or to 3 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 3.5-6 mm.

Caryopses

equaling or shorter than the paleas, weakly to strongly inrolled.

Lower

sheaths densely hairy, hairs stiff, often retrorse;

upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous;

ligules 1-2.5 mm, glabrous or pilose, obtuse, ciliolate;

blades 9-18 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, pilose on both surfaces.

2n

= 14, 28, 56.

= 28, 56.

Bromus commutatus

Bromus inermis

Distribution
from USDA
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus commutatus grows in fields, waste places, and road verges. It is native to Europe and the Baltic region; in the Flora region, it is found mainly in the United States and southern Canada. Hildemar Scholz (pers. comm.) recognizes three subspecies of B. commutatus in Europe; no attempt has been made to determine which subspecies are present in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus inermis is native to Eurasia, and is now found in disturbed sites in Alaska, Greenland, and most of Canada as well as south throughout most of the contiguous United States except the southeast. It has also been used for rehabilitation, and is planted extensively for forage in pastures and rangelands from Alaska and the Yukon Territory toTexas.

Bromus inermis is similar to B. pumpellianus, differing mainly in having glabrous lemmas, nodes, and leaf blades, but lack of pubescence is not a consistently reliable distinguishing character. Bromus inermis also resembles a recently introduced species, B. riparius, from which it differs primarily in its shorter or nonexistent awns.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 230. FNA vol. 24, p. 206.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. secalinus subsp. decipiens B. inermis forma villosus, B. inermis forma aristatus, Bromopsis inermis
Name authority Schrad. Leyss.
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