Bromus catharticus |
Bromus rubens |
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rescue brome, rescue grass, rescuegras |
fox-tail brome, foxtail chess, red brome |
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Habit | Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; loosely cespitose or tufted. | Plants annual. | ||||
Culms | 30-120 cm tall, 2-4 mm thick, erect or decumbent. |
10-40 cm, erect or ascending, often puberulent below the panicle. |
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Sheaths | usually densely, often retrorsely, hairy, hairs sometimes confined to the throat; auricles absent; ligules 1-4 mm, glabrous or pilose, obtuse, lacerate to erose; blades 4-30 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, flat, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces. |
softly pubescent to pilose; auricles absent; ligules 1-3(4) mm, pubescent, obtuse, lacerate; blades to 15 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, flat, pubescent on both surfaces. |
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Panicles | 9-28 cm, usually open, erect or nodding; lower branches shorter than 10 cm, 1-4 per node, spreading or ascending, with up to 5 spikelets variously distributed. |
2-10 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, erect, dense, often reddish brown; branches 0.1-1 cm, ascending, never drooping, not readily visible, with 1 or 2 spikelets. |
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Spikelets | (17)20-40 mm, shorter than at least some pedicels and branches, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, not crowded or overlapping, with 4-12 florets. |
18-25 mm, much longer than the panicle branches, densely crowded, subsessile, with parallel sides or widening distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-8 florets. |
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Glumes | smooth or scabrous, glabrous or pubescent; lower glumes 7-12 mm, 5-7(9)-veined; upper glumes 9-17 mm, 7-9(11)-veined, shorter than the lowest lemma; lemmas 11-20 mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, strongly keeled, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent distally, smooth or scabrous, 9-13-veined, veins often raised and riblike, margins sometimes conspicuous, hyaline, whitish or partly purplish, apices entire or toothed, teeth acute, shorter than 1 mm; awns absent or to 10 mm; anthers 0.5-1 mm in cleistogamous florets, 2-5 mm in chasmogamous florets. |
pilose, margins hyaline; lower glumes 5-8 mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes 8-12 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 10-15 mm, linear-lanceolate, pubescent to pilose, 7-veined. |
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Rounded | over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices acuminate, teeth 1-3 mm; awns 8-20 mm, straight, reddish, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. |
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2n | = 42. |
= 14, 28. |
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Bromus catharticus |
Bromus rubens |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; HI; AB; NF; ON
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AZ; CA; ID; MA; MD; MT; NM; NV; NY; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI |
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Discussion | Bromus rubens is native to southern and southwestern Europe. It now grows in North America in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, and rocky slopes, from southern Washington to southern California, eastward to Idaho, New Mexico, and western Texas. It was found in Massachusetts before 1900 in wool waste used on a crop field; it is not established there. The record from New York represents a rare introduction; it is not known whether it is established. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 199. | FNA vol. 24, p. 226. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Ceratochloa unioloides, B. willdenowii, B. unioloides | B. madritensis subsp. rubens | ||||
Name authority | Vahl | L. | ||||
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