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California brome, mountain brome

hairy brome

Habit Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; loosely cespitose. Plants perennial; not rhizomatous.
Culms

45-120(180) cm tall, usually less than 3 mm thick, erect.

40-190 cm, erect;

nodes 2-4, usually pubescent;

internodes usually pubescent.

Sheaths

mostly glabrous or retrorsely soft pilose, throats usually hairy;

auricles sometimes present on the lower leaves;

ligules 1-3.5(4) mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, acute to obtuse, lacerate or erose;

blades 8-30 cm long, 1-12 mm wide, flat or becoming involute, glabrous or sparsely pilose to pubescent on 1 or both surfaces.

with long, stiff, retrorse hairs, at least on the lower portion, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar;

auricles present;

ligules 2-3.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, rounded to truncate, erose;

blades 10-60 cm long, 6-15 mm wide, flat, drooping, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Panicles

5-40 cm, lax, open or erect;

lower branches usually shorter than 10 cm, 1-4 per node, ascending to strongly divergent or reflexed, with 1-4 spikelets variously distributed.

15-40 cm long, open, lax, drooping;

branches spreading or drooping.

Spikelets

20-40 mm, shorter than at least some pedicels and branches, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, not crowded or overlapping, sometimes purplish, with 4-11 florets.

20-40 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3-10 florets.

Glumes

glabrous or pubescent;

lower glumes 7-11 mm, 3-7(9)-veined;

upper glumes 9-13 mm, shorter than the lowest lemma, 5-9(11)-veined;

lemmas 10-16(17) mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, strongly keeled distally, usually more or less uniformly pubescent or pubescent on the margins only, sometimes glabrous or scabrous, 7-9-veined, veins usually not raised or riblike, apices entire or with acute teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 4-17 mm, sometimes slightly geniculate;

anthers 1-6 mm.

glabrous, scabridulous over the veins;

lower glumes 5-8 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 8-11 mm, 3-veined, mucronate;

lemmas 10-14 mm, lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, margins and at least the lower 1/2 of the backs pubescent, apices acute, entire or emarginate, lobes shorter than 1 mm;

awns 4-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 2.5-4 mm.

2n

= 28, 42, 56.

= 14, 28, 42.

Bromus carinatus

Bromus ramosus

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; KS; NM; OR; WA; AB; BC; ON; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DC; KY; LA; ME; MS
Discussion

Bromus carinatus is native from British Columbia to Saskatchewan and south to Mexico. It has been introduced to various more eastern locations and to the southern Yukon Territory. The two varieties recognized here are sometimes recognized as species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus ramosus is native to Asia, Europe, and northern Africa. It is included here based on Pavlick's (1995) statement that it is found sporadically in the southern and eastern United States; specimens to substantiate his statement have not been located.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Most awns 8-17 mm long
var. carinatus
1. Most awns 4-7 mm long
var. marginatus
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 203. FNA vol. 24, p. 220.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Subordinate taxa
B. carinatus var. carinatus, B. carinatus var. marginatus
Synonyms Ceratochloa carinata
Name authority Hook. & Arn. Huds.
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