The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

California brome, mountain brome

Hall's brome

Habit Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; loosely cespitose. Plants perennial; not rhizomatous.
Culms

45-120(180) cm tall, usually less than 3 mm thick, erect.

90-150 cm, erect;

nodes 1-2(3), pubescent or puberulent;

internodes usually puberulent, occasionally glabrous, pilose to densely pubescent below the nodes.

Sheaths

mostly glabrous or retrorsely soft pilose, throats usually hairy;

auricles sometimes present on the lower leaves;

ligules 1-3.5(4) mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, acute to obtuse, lacerate or erose;

blades 8-30 cm long, 1-12 mm wide, flat or becoming involute, glabrous or sparsely pilose to pubescent on 1 or both surfaces.

densely pubescent to pilose, hairs to 1 mm, collars pilose, hairs to 2 mm;

auricles absent;

ligules 0.5-2.5 mm long, sparsely to densely pubescent, obtuse, erose;

blades 7.5-16.5 cm long, 3-12 mm wide, flat, densely pubescent on both surfaces.

Panicles

5-40 cm, lax, open or erect;

lower branches usually shorter than 10 cm, 1-4 per node, ascending to strongly divergent or reflexed, with 1-4 spikelets variously distributed.

5-16 cm, open;

branches erect, ascending and appressed to slightly spreading.

Spikelets

20-40 mm, shorter than at least some pedicels and branches, elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, not crowded or overlapping, sometimes purplish, with 4-11 florets.

25-35(45) mm, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3-7 florets.

Glumes

glabrous or pubescent;

lower glumes 7-11 mm, 3-7(9)-veined;

upper glumes 9-13 mm, shorter than the lowest lemma, 5-9(11)-veined;

lemmas 10-16(17) mm, lanceolate, laterally compressed, strongly keeled distally, usually more or less uniformly pubescent or pubescent on the margins only, sometimes glabrous or scabrous, 7-9-veined, veins usually not raised or riblike, apices entire or with acute teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 4-17 mm, sometimes slightly geniculate;

anthers 1-6 mm.

sparsely to densely pubescent;

lower glumes 5-8(9) mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes (7)8-9 mm, 3-veined, sometimes mucronate;

lemmas 10-14 mm, elliptic, rounded over the midvein, backs sparsely to densely pubescent, margins pubescent, apices entire;

awns 3.5-7 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 3-6 mm.

2n

= 28, 42, 56.

= unknown.

Bromus carinatus

Bromus hallii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; KS; NM; OR; WA; AB; BC; ON; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus carinatus is native from British Columbia to Saskatchewan and south to Mexico. It has been introduced to various more eastern locations and to the southern Yukon Territory. The two varieties recognized here are sometimes recognized as species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus hallii grows in southern California on dry, open or shaded hillsides, rocky slopes, and in montane pine woods, from 1500-2700 m.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Most awns 8-17 mm long
var. carinatus
1. Most awns 4-7 mm long
var. marginatus
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 203. FNA vol. 24, p. 211.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Ceratochloa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Subordinate taxa
B. carinatus var. carinatus, B. carinatus var. marginatus
Synonyms Ceratochloa carinata B. orcuttianus var. hallii
Name authority Hook. & Arn. (Hitchc.) Saarela & P.M. Peterson
Web links