Bromus briziformis |
Bromus latiglumis |
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rattlesnake brome, rattlesnake chess, rattlesnake grass |
broad-glumed brome, brome a larges glumes, early-leaf brome, flanged brome, hairy woodbrome |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 20-62 cm, erect or ascending. |
80-150 cm, erect; nodes 9-20, glabrous, usually concealed by the leaf sheaths; internodes usually glabrous, sometimes hairy just below the nodes. |
Sheaths | densely pilose; ligules 0.5-2 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 3-13 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, pilose to pubescent on both surfaces. |
overlapping, densely to moderately retrorsely pilose or glabrous over most of their surface, throats and collars densely pilose; auricles 1-2.5 mm on most lower leaves; ligules 0.8-1.4 mm, hirsute, ciliate, truncate, erose; blades 20-30 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, flat, usually glabrous, rarely pilose, with 2 prominent flanges at the collar. |
Panicles | 5-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, open, secund, nodding; branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, curved to reflexed. |
10-22 cm, open, nodding; branches spreading to ascending. |
Spikelets | 15-27 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, ovate, laterally compressed; florets 7-15, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
15-30 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 4-9 florets. |
Glumes | smooth or scabridulous; lower glumes 5-6 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6-8 mm, 7-9-veined; lemmas 9-10 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, inflated, obovate or rhombic, coriaceous, smooth or scabridulous, obscurely 9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 1-1.3 mm wide, abruptly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute to obtuse, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns usually absent, sometimes to 1 mm, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 0.7-1 mm. |
pubescent or glabrous; lower glumes 4-7.5 mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes 6-9 mm, 3-veined, sometimes mucronate; lemmas 8-14 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs glabrous or pilose to pubescent, margins long-pilose, apices obtuse to acute, entire; awns 3-4.5(7) mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 2-3 mm. |
Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Bromus briziformis |
Bromus latiglumis |
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Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; MI; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; BC; ON
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CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK
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Discussion | Bromus briziformis grows in waste places, road verges, and overgrazed areas. It is native to southwest Asia and Europe, and is adventive in the Flora region, occurring from southern British Columbia to as far south as New Mexico, and in scattered locations eastward. The unique shape of its spikelets has led to its use in dried flower arrangements and as a garden ornamental. The common name may refer to the similarity of the spikelets to a rattlesnake's tail. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus latiglumis grows in shaded or open woods, along stream banks, and on alluvial plains and slopes. Its range is mainly in the north-central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canadian provinces. Specimens with decumbent, weak, sprawling culms, densely hairy sheaths, and heavy panicles can be called Bromus latiglumis i. incanus (Shear) Fernald. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 228. | FNA vol. 24, p. 209. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. brizaeformis | B. purgans var. latiglumis, B. purgans forma incanus, B. latiglumis forma incanus, B. altissimus |
Name authority | Fisch. & C.A. Mey. | (Scribn. ex Shear) Hitchc. |
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