Bromus briziformis |
Bromus kalmii |
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rattlesnake brome, rattlesnake chess, rattlesnake grass |
arctic brome, brome de Kalm, Kalm's brome, prairie brome |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 20-62 cm, erect or ascending. |
50-100(110) cm, usually erect, sometimes decumbent at the base; nodes 3-5, pubescent, puberulent, or glabrous; internodes puberulent or glabrous. |
Sheaths | densely pilose; ligules 0.5-2 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 3-13 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, pilose to pubescent on both surfaces. |
and throats pilose or glabrous; auricles absent; ligules 0.5-1 mm, glabrous, truncate, erose; blades 10-17 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, flat, with prow-shaped tips, both surfaces glabrous or pilose or only the adaxial surfaces pilose. |
Panicles | 5-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, open, secund, nodding; branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, curved to reflexed. |
8-13 cm, open, drooping; branches ascending to spreading, flexuous. |
Spikelets | 15-27 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, ovate, laterally compressed; florets 7-15, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
15-25 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 7-11 florets. |
Glumes | smooth or scabridulous; lower glumes 5-6 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6-8 mm, 7-9-veined; lemmas 9-10 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, inflated, obovate or rhombic, coriaceous, smooth or scabridulous, obscurely 9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 1-1.3 mm wide, abruptly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute to obtuse, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns usually absent, sometimes to 1 mm, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 0.7-1 mm. |
pubescent, margins often hyaline; lower glumes 5-7.5 mm, 3-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8.5 mm, 5-veined; lemmas 7-11 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs more or less uniformly pilose or pubescent, margins densely long-pilose, apices acute to obtuse, entire; awns 1.5-3 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices; anthers 1.5-2.5 mm. |
Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Bromus briziformis |
Bromus kalmii |
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Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; MI; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; BC; ON
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CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Bromus briziformis grows in waste places, road verges, and overgrazed areas. It is native to southwest Asia and Europe, and is adventive in the Flora region, occurring from southern British Columbia to as far south as New Mexico, and in scattered locations eastward. The unique shape of its spikelets has led to its use in dried flower arrangements and as a garden ornamental. The common name may refer to the similarity of the spikelets to a rattlesnake's tail. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus kalmii grows in sandy, gravelly, or limestone soils in open woods and calcareous fens. Its range centers in the north-central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canadian provinces. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 228. | FNA vol. 24, p. 209. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. brizaeformis | |
Name authority | Fisch. & C.A. Mey. | A. Gray |
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