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Chilean chess

corn brome, hairy corn brome, squarrose brome

Habit Plants annual; often tufted. Plants annual.
Culms

30-60 cm, slender.

20-60 cm, erect or geniculately ascending.

Sheaths

pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous;

blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous.

Panicles

10-20 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, erect, dense;

branches appressed to spreading, sometimes flexuous.

7-20 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, racemose, open, nodding, often with few spikelets, usually secund;

branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, ascending-spreading, flexuous, slightly curved, usually with 1 spikelet.

Spikelets

15-20 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, more or less terete, with 3-9 florets.

15-70 mm, broadly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed;

florets 8-30, bases concealed at maturity;

rachilla internodes concealed at maturity.

Glumes

glabrous, acuminate;

lower glumes 8-10 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 12-16 mm, 3(5)-veined;

lemmas 11-14 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparsely pubescent, 5-veined, rounded over the midvein, apices acuminate, bifid, teeth 2-3 mm, usually aristate, sometimes acuminate;

awns 13-20 mm, geniculate, strongly to moderately twisted in the basal portion, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 2-2.5 mm.

smooth or scabrous;

lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, 3-5(7)-veined;

upper glumes 6-8 mm, 7-veined;

lemmas 8-11 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, smooth or scabridulous, 7-9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, strongly angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm;

awns 8-10 mm, flattened and sometimes twisted at the base, divaricate at maturity, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 1-1.3 mm.

Caryopses

equaling the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat.

Lower

sheaths densely pilose;

ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose, ciliolate;

blades 5-15 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, densely pilose on both surfaces.

2n

= unknown.

= 14.

Bromus berteroanus

Bromus squarrosus

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; OR; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; CT; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MI; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus berteroanus is from Chile, and can now be found in dry areas in western North America, including British Columbia, Montana, California, Nevada, Arizona, southwestern Utah, and Baja California, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus squarrosus grows in overgrazed pastures, fields, waste places, and road verges. Native to central Russia and southern Europe, it can be found mainly in southern Canada and the northern half of the United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 224. FNA vol. 24, p. 237.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Neobromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromus
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. trinii var. excelsus, B. trinii
Name authority Colla L.
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