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Chilean chess

fox-tail brome, foxtail chess, red brome

Habit Plants annual; often tufted. Plants annual.
Culms

30-60 cm, slender.

10-40 cm, erect or ascending, often puberulent below the panicle.

Sheaths

pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous;

blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous.

softly pubescent to pilose;

auricles absent;

ligules 1-3(4) mm, pubescent, obtuse, lacerate;

blades to 15 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, flat, pubescent on both surfaces.

Panicles

10-20 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, erect, dense;

branches appressed to spreading, sometimes flexuous.

2-10 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, erect, dense, often reddish brown;

branches 0.1-1 cm, ascending, never drooping, not readily visible, with 1 or 2 spikelets.

Spikelets

15-20 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, more or less terete, with 3-9 florets.

18-25 mm, much longer than the panicle branches, densely crowded, subsessile, with parallel sides or widening distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-8 florets.

Glumes

glabrous, acuminate;

lower glumes 8-10 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 12-16 mm, 3(5)-veined;

lemmas 11-14 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparsely pubescent, 5-veined, rounded over the midvein, apices acuminate, bifid, teeth 2-3 mm, usually aristate, sometimes acuminate;

awns 13-20 mm, geniculate, strongly to moderately twisted in the basal portion, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 2-2.5 mm.

pilose, margins hyaline;

lower glumes 5-8 mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes 8-12 mm, 3-5-veined;

lemmas 10-15 mm, linear-lanceolate, pubescent to pilose, 7-veined.

Rounded

over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices acuminate, teeth 1-3 mm;

awns 8-20 mm, straight, reddish, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 0.5-1 mm.

2n

= unknown.

= 14, 28.

Bromus berteroanus

Bromus rubens

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; OR; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; MA; MD; MT; NM; NV; NY; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; WA; HI
Discussion

Bromus berteroanus is from Chile, and can now be found in dry areas in western North America, including British Columbia, Montana, California, Nevada, Arizona, southwestern Utah, and Baja California, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus rubens is native to southern and southwestern Europe. It now grows in North America in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, and rocky slopes, from southern Washington to southern California, eastward to Idaho, New Mexico, and western Texas. It was found in Massachusetts before 1900 in wool waste used on a crop field; it is not established there. The record from New York represents a rare introduction; it is not known whether it is established.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 224. FNA vol. 24, p. 226.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Neobromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Genea
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. trinii var. excelsus, B. trinii B. madritensis subsp. rubens
Name authority Colla L.
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