Bromus berteroanus |
Bromus hordeaceus |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chilean chess |
brome mou, lesser soft brome, lopgrass, soft brome, soft chess |
|||||||||||||
Habit | Plants annual; often tufted. | Plants annual or biennial. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 30-60 cm, slender. |
2-70 cm, erect or ascending. |
||||||||||||
Sheaths | pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous; blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous. |
|||||||||||||
Panicles | 10-20 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, erect, dense; branches appressed to spreading, sometimes flexuous. |
1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. |
||||||||||||
Spikelets | 15-20 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, more or less terete, with 3-9 florets. |
(11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
||||||||||||
Glumes | glabrous, acuminate; lower glumes 8-10 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 12-16 mm, 3(5)-veined; lemmas 11-14 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparsely pubescent, 5-veined, rounded over the midvein, apices acuminate, bifid, teeth 2-3 mm, usually aristate, sometimes acuminate; awns 13-20 mm, geniculate, strongly to moderately twisted in the basal portion, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 2-2.5 mm. |
pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. |
||||||||||||
Caryopses | equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
|||||||||||||
Lower | sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. |
|||||||||||||
2n | = unknown. |
= 28. |
||||||||||||
Bromus berteroanus |
Bromus hordeaceus |
|||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; OR; UT
|
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; YT; Greenland
|
||||||||||||
Discussion | Bromus berteroanus is from Chile, and can now be found in dry areas in western North America, including British Columbia, Montana, California, Nevada, Arizona, southwestern Utah, and Baja California, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Bromus hordeaceus is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to B. caroli-henrici, a diploid species. The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 224. | FNA vol. 24, p. 232. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | B. trinii var. excelsus, B. trinii | B. mollis | ||||||||||||
Name authority | Colla | L. | ||||||||||||
Web links |
|