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Chilean chess

brome cilie, fringe brome, fringe bromegrass

Habit Plants annual; often tufted. Plants perennial; not rhizomatous.
Culms

30-60 cm, slender.

45-120(150) cm, erect;

nodes (3)4-7(8), all pubescent or the lower nodes sometimes glabrous;

internodes glabrous.

Sheaths

pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous;

blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous.

Panicles

10-20 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, erect, dense;

branches appressed to spreading, sometimes flexuous.

10-20 cm, open, nodding;

branches ascending, spreading, or drooping.

Spikelets

15-20 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, more or less terete, with 3-9 florets.

15-25 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 4-9 florets.

Glumes

glabrous, acuminate;

lower glumes 8-10 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 12-16 mm, 3(5)-veined;

lemmas 11-14 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sparsely pubescent, 5-veined, rounded over the midvein, apices acuminate, bifid, teeth 2-3 mm, usually aristate, sometimes acuminate;

awns 13-20 mm, geniculate, strongly to moderately twisted in the basal portion, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices;

anthers 2-2.5 mm.

glabrous;

lower glumes 5.5-7.5 mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes 7.1-8.5 mm, 3-veined, not mucronate;

lemmas 9.5-14 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the midvein, backs glabrous, sometimes scabrous, margins conspicuously hirsute on the lower 1/2 - 2/3, apices obtuse to acute, entire;

awns 3-5 mm, straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

anthers 1-1.4 mm.

Basal

sheaths usually retrorsely pilose, sometimes glabrous;

upper sheaths glabrous, throats glabrous or pilose, midrib of the culm leaves not abruptly narrowed just below the collar;

auricles sometimes present;

ligules 0.4-1.4 mm, usually glabrous, rarely pilose, truncate, erose;

blades 13-25 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, flat, abaxial surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pilose, adaxial surfaces usually pilose, sometimes glabrous.

2n

= unknown.

= 14.

Bromus berteroanus

Bromus ciliatus

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; OR; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bromus berteroanus is from Chile, and can now be found in dry areas in western North America, including British Columbia, Montana, California, Nevada, Arizona, southwestern Utah, and Baja California, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bromus ciliatus grows in damp meadows, thickets, woods, and stream banks across almost all of northern North America except the high arctic, extending further south mainly through the western United States to Mexico. Some taxonomists have named plants with different degrees of sheath pubescence as different forms. Because the variation is continuous, such differences are not formally recognized in this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 224. FNA vol. 24, p. 222.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Neobromus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Bromeae > Bromus > sect. Bromopsis
Sibling taxa
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
B. aleutensis, B. anomalus, B. arenarius, B. arizonicus, B. arvensis, B. berteroanus, B. briziformis, B. carinatus, B. caroli-henrici, B. catharticus, B. commutatus, B. danthoniae, B. diandrus, B. erectus, B. frondosus, B. grandis, B. hallii, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. kalmii, B. laevipes, B. lanatipes, B. lanceolatus, B. latiglumis, B. lepidus, B. madritensis, B. maritimus, B. mucroglumis, B. nottowayanus, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. polyanthus, B. porteri, B. pseudolaevipes, B. pubescens, B. pumpellianus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, B. richardsonii, B. riparius, B. rubens, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. texensis, B. vulgaris
Synonyms B. trinii var. excelsus, B. trinii B. dudleyi, B. ciliatus var. intonsus, B. canadensis, Bromopsis ciliata, Bromopsis canadensis
Name authority Colla L.
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