Brickellia grandiflora
Brickellia
large flower brickelbush, large flower thoroughwort, large-flower brickellia, large-flower tassel-flower, tassel-flower brickellbush
brickellbush, brickellia, tassel-flower, thoroughwort
branched, puberulent.
mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate).
opposite or alternate;
petioles 10–70 mm;
blades 3-nerved from bases, deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or subcordate, 15–120 × 20–70 mm, bases acute, truncate, or subcordate, margins crenate, dentate, or serrate, apices attenuate, faces puberulent and gland-dotted.
cauline; opposite or alternate; petiolate or sessile;
blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, lance-elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, lance-rhombic, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, spatulate, or suborbiculate, margins mostly crenate, dentate, entire, laciniate-dentate, lobed, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes gland-dotted.
4–30 mm, pubescent.
cylindric or obconic, 7–12 mm.
cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam.
flat to convex, epaleate.
mostly 20–40(–70);
corollas pale yellow-green, 6.5–7.5 mm.
(3–)8–45(–90);
corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish or yellowish, throats mostly cylindric to narrowly funnelform (lengths 3–5 times diams.);
styles: bases enlarged, hairy, branches narrowly clavate (± dilated distally).
30–40 in 5–7 series, greenish, 4–5-striate, unequal, margins scarious;
outer lance-ovate to lanceolate (pubescent, margins ciliate, apices long-acuminate), inner lanceolate to lance-linear (glabrous, apices acute to acuminate).
persistent, (10–)14–45(–60) in 3–7(–9) series, usually (4–)5–6(–16)-striate or -nerved, linear or lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, usually unequal (usually chartaceous, sometimes herbaceous).
(nodding in flower and fruit) in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays.
usually in corymbiform, sometimes cymiform, paniculiform, or racemiform, arrays, rarely borne singly.
4–5 mm, hispidulous to hirtellous;
pappi of 20–30 white, barbellate bristles.
narrowly prismatic, 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy to glabrate, often gland-dotted;
pappi persistent, of 10–80 usually smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes plumose or subplumose bristles in 1 series.
= 9.
= 18.
Brickellia grandiflora
Brickellia
Species ca. 100 (32 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Pappi usually of plumose or subplumose, sometimes barbellate, bristles | → 2 |
1. Pappi usually of smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes subplumose, bristles | → 4 |
2. Phyllaries puberulent, often densely gland-dotted as well | B. eupatorioides |
2. Phyllaries glabrous or puberulent (not gland-dotted) | → 3 |
3. Stems (at least distally) pubescent (lacking relatively long, gland-tipped hairs); florets9–12 | B. brachyphylla |
3. Stems (at least distally) stipitate-glandular (hairs relatively long); florets 11–22 | B. hinckleyi |
4. Florets (40–)45–90 | → 5 |
4. Florets 3–30(–50) | → 9 |
5. Stems and leaves densely white-tomentose | B. incana |
5. Stems and leaves glabrous or glandular-puberulent, puberulent, pubescent, stipitate-glandular, strigose, villous, or viscid-glandular, often gland-dotted as well (not tomentose) | → 6 |
6. Shrubs; leaf margins usually sharply dentate or dentate-serrate, rarely entire;outer phyllaries ovate, lance-ovate, or lance-linear | B. atractyloides |
6. Perennials (caudices woody); leaf margins crenate, crenate-dentate, dentate, or serrate; outer phyllaries lance-ovate to narrowly lanceolate | → 7 |
7. Peduncles 0–2 mm; involucres 14–18 mm; cypselae 5.5–7 mm | B. greenei |
7. Peduncles 4–50 mm; involucres 7–14 mm; cypselae 4–5 mm | → 8 |
8. Petioles 10–70 mm; peduncles 4–30 mm; involucres 7–12 mm; phyllaries 30–40; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm | B. grandiflora |
8. Petioles 3–20 mm; peduncles 20–50 mm; involucres 12–14 mm; phyllaries 40–60; corollas 9–10 mm | B. simplex |
9. Florets 3–7 | → 10 |
9. Florets 8–30(–50) | → 11 |
10. Leaf blades lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear, margins entire or nearly so, faces gland-dotted (and shiny), often puberulent as well | B. longifolia |
10. Leaf blades lance-ovate to lanceolate, margins dentate to serrate, faces gland-dotted and sparsely pubescent (not shiny) | B. knappiana |
11. Petioles 4–70 mm | → 12 |
11. Petioles 0–5 mm | → 19 |
12. Leaf apices acuminate or long-acuminate to attenuate | → 13 |
12. Leaf apices acute to obtuse or rounded | → 16 |
13. Phyllaries, outer: apices obtuse to acute (cypselae 2–2.5 mm) | B. rusbyi |
13. Phyllaries, outer: apices acute, acuminate, or mucronate | → 14 |
14. Shrubs; leaf margins subentire or ± toothed (usually with 1–3 sets of sharp teeth near bases); phyllaries 17–22 | B. coulteri |
14. Perennials; leaf margins crenate, dentate, or serrate; phyllaries 28–40 | → 15 |
15. Heads (erect in fruit) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green, often purple-tinged, 6–7.2 mm; pappi of 38–46 purple-tinged bristles | B. cordifolia |
15. Heads (nodding in flower and fruit) in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green; pappi of 20–30white bristles | B. grandiflora |
16. Perennials; stems and peduncles stipitate-glandular | → 17 |
16. Shrubs; stems and peduncles pubescent or glandular-pubescent | → 18 |
17. Leaf bases rounded to cuneate; petioles 4–10 mm; phyllaries: outer ovate to lance-ovate or lanceolate (equaling or surpassing inner,glabrous or sparsely glandular-hirtellous) | B. chenopodina |
17. Leaf bases truncate to cordate; petioles 20–35 mm; phyllaries: outerovate to lanceolate (shorter than inner, glandular-hirtellous) | B. floribunda |
18. Leaves: bases cuneate, margins laciniate-dentate; peduncles 5–40 mm | B. baccharidea |
18. Leaves: bases cordate to truncate, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–5 mm | B. californica |
19. Leaves opposite | → 20 |
19. Leaves alternate | → 28 |
20. Stems and leaves mostly puberulent to pubescent, sometimes gland-dotted (not glandular-pubescent or stipitate-glandular) | → 21 |
20. Stems and leaves pubescent, puberulent, or tomentulose and gland-dotted, glandular-pubescent, or stipitate-glandular | → 22 |
21. Perennials mostly 30–90 cm; leaf blades oblong, obovate, or ovate,(15–)30–80 × 10–35 mm | B. betonicifolia |
21. Perennials 12–30 cm; leaf blades deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 7–30 × 4–28 mm | B. parvula |
22. Shrubs; leaf blades mostly 3–15 mm; peduncles 0–3 mm | → 23 |
22. Perennials; leaf blades (2–)15–160 mm; peduncles (1–)3–150 mm (if less than 3 mm, bracteate) | → 24 |
23. Phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | B. desertorum |
23. Phyllaries 35–40; florets 18–33 | B. veronicifolia |
24. Leaf blades oblong to linear, 2–10 mm wide, margins entire ordentate; peduncles (20–)30–150 mm | B. venosa |
24. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate, mostly 10–75 mm wide, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–15(–25) mm | → 25 |
25. Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40 | B. pringlei |
25. Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres 8–13 mm; phyllaries 18–24 | → 26 |
26. Leaf bases rounded to cordate (clasping); peduncles densely stipitate-glandular | B. amplexicaulis |
26. Leaf bases ± cuneate; peduncles densely tomentose, often gland-dotted as well | → 27 |
27. Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths in outer 2–3series no more than 1/2 inner) | B. cylindracea |
27. Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths in outer series grading to inner) | B. lemmonii |
28. Leaf blades oblong or spatulate, 1–4 mm wide | B. frutescens |
28. Leaf blades cordate, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, subdeltate, or suborbiculate, (3–)10–100 mm wide | → 29 |
29. Florets 25–50; leaf blades elliptic, oblong, or lance-linear, margins entire | B. oblongifolia |
29. Florets 8–25(–45); leaf blades cordate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, or suborbiculate, margins entire or dentate | → 30 |
30. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate | → 31 |
30. Leaf blades mostly cordate or ovate to suborbiculate (if oblong, peduncles viscid or glandular-villous) | → 33 |
31. Shrubs; cypselae usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent | B. dentata |
31. Perennials; cypselae sparsely to densely pubescent | → 32 |
32. Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths of outers to 1/2 inners) | B. cylindracea |
32. Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths of outers evenly grading to inners) | B. lemmonii |
33. Stems and leaves tomentose or densely puberulent, often gland-dotted as well | → 34 |
33. Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to hispidulous, often gland-dotted or glandular-villous as well | → 35 |
34. Involucres 8–10 mm; phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | B. desertorum |
34. Involucres mostly 10–12 mm; phyllaries 30–38; florets 20–24 | B. nevinii |
35. Peduncles 0.5–2.5 mm, glandular-viscid; phyllaries 15–25 | B. laciniata |
35. Peduncles (bracteate) 2–10 mm, viscid to glandular-villous; phyllaries 30–48 | B. microphylla |
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
KS Wildflowers, 
MO Plants, 
PNW Herbaria, 
SW CO Wildflowers, Turner Photog. 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
