betonyleaf brickellbush
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brickellbush, brickellia, tassel-flower, thoroughwort
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Perennials, 30–90 cm. |
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–)30–120(–200) cm. |
branched from bases, pubescent. |
mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate). |
opposite; petioles 1–5 mm; blades 3-nerved from bases, oblong, obovate, or ovate, (15–)30–80 × 10–35 mm, bases cordate or truncate, margins crenate-serrate, apices acute to obtuse, faces sparsely pubescent and gland-dotted. |
cauline; opposite or alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, lance-elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, lance-rhombic, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, spatulate, or suborbiculate, margins mostly crenate, dentate, entire, laciniate-dentate, lobed, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes gland-dotted. |
2–15 mm, hispid to hirsute. |
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cylindric to narrowly campanulate, 8–12 mm. |
cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam. |
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flat to convex, epaleate. |
10–16; corollas purplish, 7–9 mm. |
(3–)8–45(–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish or yellowish, throats mostly cylindric to narrowly funnelform (lengths 3–5 times diams.); styles: bases enlarged, hairy, branches narrowly clavate (± dilated distally). |
17–20 in 3–5 series, pale green, often purplish, 5–9-striate, unequal, margins narrowly scarious-ciliate (apices acute to acuminate); outer lance-ovate (sparsely pubescent), inner narrowly lanceolate (glabrous). |
persistent, (10–)14–45(–60) in 3–7(–9) series, usually (4–)5–6(–16)-striate or -nerved, linear or lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, usually unequal (usually chartaceous, sometimes herbaceous). |
erect, usually in loose, paniculiform arrays, sometimes borne singly. |
usually in corymbiform, sometimes cymiform, paniculiform, or racemiform, arrays, rarely borne singly. |
3–4 mm, densely pubescent to velutinous; pappi of 40–52 white, barbellate bristles. |
narrowly prismatic, 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy to glabrate, often gland-dotted; pappi persistent, of 10–80 usually smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes plumose or subplumose bristles in 1 series. |
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= 9. |
= 18. |
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Flowering Jul–Oct. |
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Oak woodlands, open limestone hillsides |
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1500–2000 m (4900–6600 ft) |
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AZ; NM; Mexico
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North America; Mexico; Central America |
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Species ca. 100 (32 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Pappi usually of plumose or subplumose, sometimes barbellate, bristles | → 2 |
1. Pappi usually of smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes subplumose, bristles | → 4 |
2. Phyllaries puberulent, often densely gland-dotted as well | B. eupatorioides |
2. Phyllaries glabrous or puberulent (not gland-dotted) | → 3 |
3. Stems (at least distally) pubescent (lacking relatively long, gland-tipped hairs); florets9–12 | B. brachyphylla |
3. Stems (at least distally) stipitate-glandular (hairs relatively long); florets 11–22 | B. hinckleyi |
| → 5 |
| → 9 |
5. Stems and leaves densely white-tomentose | B. incana |
5. Stems and leaves glabrous or glandular-puberulent, puberulent, pubescent, stipitate-glandular, strigose, villous, or viscid-glandular, often gland-dotted as well (not tomentose) | → 6 |
6. Shrubs; leaf margins usually sharply dentate or dentate-serrate, rarely entire;outer phyllaries ovate, lance-ovate, or lance-linear | B. atractyloides |
6. Perennials (caudices woody); leaf margins crenate, crenate-dentate, dentate, or serrate; outer phyllaries lance-ovate to narrowly lanceolate | → 7 |
7. Peduncles 0–2 mm; involucres 14–18 mm; cypselae 5.5–7 mm | B. greenei |
7. Peduncles 4–50 mm; involucres 7–14 mm; cypselae 4–5 mm | → 8 |
8. Petioles 10–70 mm; peduncles 4–30 mm; involucres 7–12 mm; phyllaries 30–40; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm | B. grandiflora |
8. Petioles 3–20 mm; peduncles 20–50 mm; involucres 12–14 mm; phyllaries 40–60; corollas 9–10 mm | B. simplex |
| → 10 |
| → 11 |
10. Leaf blades lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear, margins entire or nearly so, faces gland-dotted (and shiny), often puberulent as well | B. longifolia |
10. Leaf blades lance-ovate to lanceolate, margins dentate to serrate, faces gland-dotted and sparsely pubescent (not shiny) | B. knappiana |
| → 12 |
| → 19 |
12. Leaf apices acuminate or long-acuminate to attenuate | → 13 |
12. Leaf apices acute to obtuse or rounded | → 16 |
13. Phyllaries, outer: apices obtuse to acute (cypselae 2–2.5 mm) | B. rusbyi |
13. Phyllaries, outer: apices acute, acuminate, or mucronate | → 14 |
14. Shrubs; leaf margins subentire or ± toothed (usually with 1–3 sets of sharp teeth near bases); phyllaries 17–22 | B. coulteri |
14. Perennials; leaf margins crenate, dentate, or serrate; phyllaries 28–40 | → 15 |
15. Heads (erect in fruit) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green, often purple-tinged, 6–7.2 mm; pappi of 38–46 purple-tinged bristles | B. cordifolia |
15. Heads (nodding in flower and fruit) in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green; pappi of 20–30white bristles | B. grandiflora |
16. Perennials; stems and peduncles stipitate-glandular | → 17 |
16. Shrubs; stems and peduncles pubescent or glandular-pubescent | → 18 |
17. Leaf bases rounded to cuneate; petioles 4–10 mm; phyllaries: outer ovate to lance-ovate or lanceolate (equaling or surpassing inner,glabrous or sparsely glandular-hirtellous) | B. chenopodina |
17. Leaf bases truncate to cordate; petioles 20–35 mm; phyllaries: outerovate to lanceolate (shorter than inner, glandular-hirtellous) | B. floribunda |
18. Leaves: bases cuneate, margins laciniate-dentate; peduncles 5–40 mm | B. baccharidea |
18. Leaves: bases cordate to truncate, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–5 mm | B. californica |
| → 20 |
| → 28 |
20. Stems and leaves mostly puberulent to pubescent, sometimes gland-dotted (not glandular-pubescent or stipitate-glandular) | → 21 |
20. Stems and leaves pubescent, puberulent, or tomentulose and gland-dotted, glandular-pubescent, or stipitate-glandular | → 22 |
21. Perennials mostly 30–90 cm; leaf blades oblong, obovate, or ovate,(15–)30–80 × 10–35 mm | B. betonicifolia |
21. Perennials 12–30 cm; leaf blades deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 7–30 × 4–28 mm | B. parvula |
22. Shrubs; leaf blades mostly 3–15 mm; peduncles 0–3 mm | → 23 |
22. Perennials; leaf blades (2–)15–160 mm; peduncles (1–)3–150 mm (if less than 3 mm, bracteate) | → 24 |
23. Phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | B. desertorum |
23. Phyllaries 35–40; florets 18–33 | B. veronicifolia |
24. Leaf blades oblong to linear, 2–10 mm wide, margins entire ordentate; peduncles (20–)30–150 mm | B. venosa |
24. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate, mostly 10–75 mm wide, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–15(–25) mm | → 25 |
25. Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40 | B. pringlei |
25. Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres 8–13 mm; phyllaries 18–24 | → 26 |
26. Leaf bases rounded to cordate (clasping); peduncles densely stipitate-glandular | B. amplexicaulis |
26. Leaf bases ± cuneate; peduncles densely tomentose, often gland-dotted as well | → 27 |
27. Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths in outer 2–3series no more than 1/2 inner) | B. cylindracea |
27. Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths in outer series grading to inner) | B. lemmonii |
28. Leaf blades oblong or spatulate, 1–4 mm wide | B. frutescens |
28. Leaf blades cordate, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, subdeltate, or suborbiculate, (3–)10–100 mm wide | → 29 |
29. Florets 25–50; leaf blades elliptic, oblong, or lance-linear, margins entire | B. oblongifolia |
29. Florets 8–25(–45); leaf blades cordate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, or suborbiculate, margins entire or dentate | → 30 |
30. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate | → 31 |
30. Leaf blades mostly cordate or ovate to suborbiculate (if oblong, peduncles viscid or glandular-villous) | → 33 |
31. Shrubs; cypselae usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent | B. dentata |
31. Perennials; cypselae sparsely to densely pubescent | → 32 |
32. Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths of outers to 1/2 inners) | B. cylindracea |
32. Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths of outers evenly grading to inners) | B. lemmonii |
33. Stems and leaves tomentose or densely puberulent, often gland-dotted as well | → 34 |
33. Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to hispidulous, often gland-dotted or glandular-villous as well | → 35 |
34. Involucres 8–10 mm; phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | B. desertorum |
34. Involucres mostly 10–12 mm; phyllaries 30–38; florets 20–24 | B. nevinii |
35. Peduncles 0.5–2.5 mm, glandular-viscid; phyllaries 15–25 | B. laciniata |
35. Peduncles (bracteate) 2–10 mm, viscid to glandular-villous; phyllaries 30–48 | B. microphylla |
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FNA vol. 21, p. 495. |
FNA vol. 21, p. 491. Author: Randall W. Scott. |
Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Brickellia |
Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae |
B. amplexicaulis, B. atractyloides, B. baccharidea, B. brachyphylla, B. californica, B. chenopodina, B. cordifolia, B. coulteri, B. cylindracea, B. dentata, B. desertorum, B. eupatorioides, B. floribunda, B. frutescens, B. grandiflora, B. greenei, B. hinckleyi, B. incana, B. knappiana, B. laciniata, B. lemmonii, B. longifolia, B. microphylla, B. nevinii, B. oblongifolia, B. parvula, B. pringlei, B. rusbyi, B. simplex, B. venosa, B. veronicifolia |
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B. amplexicaulis, B. atractyloides, B. baccharidea, B. betonicifolia, B. brachyphylla, B. californica, B. chenopodina, B. cordifolia, B. coulteri, B. cylindracea, B. dentata, B. desertorum, B. eupatorioides, B. floribunda, B. frutescens, B. grandiflora, B. greenei, B. hinckleyi, B. incana, B. knappiana, B. laciniata, B. lemmonii, B. longifolia, B. microphylla, B. nevinii, B. oblongifolia, B. parvula, B. pringlei, B. rusbyi, B. simplex, B. venosa, B. veronicifolia |
A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 72. (1853) |
Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 290. (1823) |
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