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African mustard, Asian mustard, mustard, sahara mustard

broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cultivated cabbage, kale, wild cabbage

Habit Annuals; densely hirsute proximally, glabrescent distally. Biennials or perennials; (with slender taproot or woody caudex, becoming suffrutescent and covered with conspicuous leaf scars); (glaucous), glabrous.
Stems

usually branched basally, (widely) branched distally, (1–)3–7(–10) dm.

branched distally, 5–10 dm.

Basal leaves

(rosettes persistent);

petiole (broad) 2–10 cm;

blade lyrate to pinnatisect, 2–30 cm × 10–50(–100) mm, (margins serrate-dentate), 4–10 lobes each side.

petiole to 30 cm;

blade oblong or obovate, to 45 cm × 150 mm, (fleshy), blades pinnatifid or margins dentate.

Cauline leaves

sessile;

blade (reduced in size distally, distalmost bractlike), base tapered, not auriculate or amplexicaul.

(distal) sessile;

blade (oblong to lanceolate), base auriculate and amplexicaul, (margins entire).

Racemes

not paniculately branched.

not paniculately branched.

Flowers

sepals 5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm;

petals pale yellow, fading or, sometimes, white, oblanceolate, 4–7 × 1.5–2(–2.5) mm, claw 1–3 mm, apex rounded;

filaments 2.5–4 mm;

anthers 1–1.3 mm;

gynophore to 1 mm.

sepals 8–15 × 1.5–2.7 mm;

petals yellow, white, or lemon yellow, ovate or elliptic, (15–)18–25(–30) × (6–)8–12 mm, claw 7–15 mm, apex rounded;

filaments 8–12 mm;

anthers 2.5–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

widely spreading, 8–15 mm.

spreading to ascending, (8–)14–25(–40) mm.

Fruits

(shortly stipitate); widely spreading to ascending (not appressed to rachis), torulose, cylindric, 3–7 cm × 2–4(–5) mm;

valvular segment with 6–12(–15) seeds per locule, 2.2–5 cm, terminal segment 1(–3)-seeded, (cylindric, stout), 10–20 mm.

spreading to ascending, smooth, ± 4-angled or subterete, (2.5–)5–8(–10) cm × (2.5–)3–4(–5) mm;

valvular segment with 10–20 seeds per locule, (2–)3–7.5(–9) cm, terminal segment usually seedless, rarely 1 or 2-seeded, (conic), (3–)4–10 mm.

Seeds

light reddish brown or black, 1–1.2 mm diam.;

seed coat prominently reticulate, mucilaginous when wetted.

brown, 1.7–2.5 mm diam.;

seed coat reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted.

2n

= 20.

= 18.

Brassica tournefortii

Brassica oleracea

Phenology Flowering Feb–Apr. Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, waste places, old fields, washes, open desert areas intermixed with desert shrubs Maritime slopes or sea-facing cliffs, weedy escape, gardens, abandoned fields, waste places
Elevation 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) 0-100 m (0-300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; TX; UT; Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in nw Mexico, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CT; IA; IL; KY; MA; NY; OH; PA; RI; TX; VT; NL; ON; PE; QC; Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Brassica tournefortii was first reported from California (Imperial, Riverside, and western San Bernardino counties) by W. L. Jepson ([1923–1925]), with the first collections appearing from southern California in 1941 (R. C. Rollins and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1986), Arizona in 1959 (T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles 1960), Nevada in 1977, and Texas in 1978 (D. E. Lemke and R. D. Worthington 1991).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Brassica oleracea is widely cultivated worldwide as a vegetable crop, and its various forms are generally recognized as varieties instead of subspecies; these include var. acephala de Candolle (kale and collards), var. botrytis Linnaeus (cauliflower), var. capitata Linnaeus (cabbage), var. gemmifera Zenk (Brussels sprouts), var. gongylodes Linnaeus (kohlrabi), and var. italica Plenk (broccoli). It also occurs sporadically as a weedy escape from cultivation and seems unlikely to persist for long periods of time. It is reported to be naturalized on coastal cliffs (maritime slopes) in the northern Central Coastal Region and the central and southern North Coastal Region in California (Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties) (J. T. Howell et al. 1958; Howell 1970; H. G. Baker 1972; R. C. Rollins 1993b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 424. FNA vol. 7, p. 423.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Brassica Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Brassica
Sibling taxa
B. elongata, B. fruticulosa, B. juncea, B. napus, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. rapa
B. elongata, B. fruticulosa, B. juncea, B. napus, B. nigra, B. rapa, B. tournefortii
Synonyms B. alboglabra
Name authority Gouan: Ill. Observ. Bot., 44, plate 20A. (1773) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 667. (1753)
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