Brassica rapa |
Brassica fruticulosa |
|
---|---|---|
bird's rape, bird-rape, canola, common mustard, field-mustard, rape, rapeseed, turnip, turnip-rape, wild-rape, wild-turnip |
Mediterranean cabbage |
|
Habit | Annuals or biennials; (roots fleshy or slender); (green to slightly glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Annuals, biennials, or perennials; glabrous or nearly so. |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, 3–10 dm. |
branched distally, 3–9 dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole (winged), (1–)2–10(–17) cm; blade ± lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate to pinnatisect, (5–)10–40(–60) cm × 30–100(–200) mm, (margins sinuate-dentate, sometimes ciliate), lobes 2–4(–6) each side, (terminal lobe oblong-obovate, obtuse, large, blade surfaces usually setose). |
(early deciduous); petiole 1.5–6 cm; blade lyrate-pinnatifid, 3–10(–15) cm × 10–65 mm, lobes 1–3 (or 4) each side. |
Cauline leaves | (middle and distal) sessile; base auriculate to amplexicaul, (margins subentire). |
shortly petiolate; blade (often lanceolate, reduced in size distally), base tapered or cuneate, not auriculate, (apex acute). |
Racemes | not paniculately branched, (with open flowers overtopping or equal to buds). |
paniculately branched. |
Flowers | sepals (3–)4–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2 mm; petals deep yellow to yellow, obovate, 6–11(–13) × (2.5–)3–6(–7) mm, claw 3–7 mm, apex rounded; filaments 4–6(–7) mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm. |
sepals 3–8 × 1–1.7 mm; petals pale yellow, narrowly obovate, 7–15 × 3–4 mm, claw 2–3 mm, apex rounded; filaments 3–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm; gynophore 1–1.5 mm in fruit. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to spreading, (5–)10–25(–30) mm. |
spreading to divaricately ascending, (slender), (5–)10–15(–25) mm. |
Fruits | ascending to somewhat spreading, torulose, terete, (2–)3–8(–11) cm × 2–4(–5) mm; valvular segment with 8–15 seeds per locule, (1.3–)2–5(–7.5) cm, terminal segment seedless, 8–22 mm. |
(stipitate), spreading to divaricately ascending, strongly torulose, linear, subcylindric, 1.5–3 cm × 1.5–2 mm; valvular segment with 5–13 seeds per locule, 1.2–2.5 cm, terminal segment seedless or 1-seeded, (conic), 3–6 mm. |
Seeds | black, brown, or reddish, 1.1–2 mm diam.; seed coat very finely reticulate-lightly alveolate, not mucilaginous when wetted. |
brown or yellow, 0.6–1.2 mm diam.; seed coat finely reticulate-alveolate, not mucilaginous when wetted. |
2n | = 20. |
= 16. |
Brassica rapa |
Brassica fruticulosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Dec–Mar. |
Habitat | Roadsides, disturbed areas and waste places, cultivated fields, grain fields, orchards, gardens | Coastal plains and basins, deserts, valleys |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Atlantic Islands, Australia]
|
CA; s Europe; nw Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Brassica rapa is widely cultivated as an oil crop and vegetable, and cultivars, especially in Asia, have been recognized as species, subspecies, and varieties. The most important crops include: rapeseed or canola, turnip (subsp. rapa), Chinese mustard or pakchoi [subsp. chinensis (Linnaeus) Hanelt], and Chinese cabbage or petsai [subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt]. The species is also a widespread naturalized weed [subsp. sylvestris (Linnaeus) Janchen] throughout temperate North America and elsewhere. It is self-incompatible. Hybridization in the field in Europe has been described between B. napus and B. rapa (R. B. Jørgensen and B. Andersen 1994). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Brassica fruticulosa is naturalized in Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Mateo counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 423. | FNA vol. 7, p. 421. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Brassica | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Brassica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. campestris, B. campestris var. oleifera, B. chinensis, B. pekinensis, B. rapa subsp. chinensis, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis, Sinapis pekinensis | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 666. (1753) | Cirillo: Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 7. (1792) |
Web links |
|