Flora of North America species comparison

leaves erect-appressed, often rigidly spreading in sympodial stems, closely imbricate, broadly ovate, broadest at 1/7 leaf length, concave, not plicate, slightly, or rarely moderately plicate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm;

base rounded, broadly long-decurrent;

margins plane or recurved at places, serrulate throughout (often serrate in sympodial stems);

apex gradually tapered, broadly acute, rarely short-acuminate;

costa to 50–70% leaf length, strong, terminal spine indistinct or absent;

alar cells short-rectangular, strongly enlarged, 20–50 × 15–30(–35) µm, walls thin, region abruptly delimited, large, of 8–15 × 8–15 cells, somewhat saclike, reaching from near margin 50% distance to costa;

laminal cells linear, 50–100 (–150) × 6–11 µm;

basal cells 15–35 × 11–15 µm, region in 3 rows.

leaves erect to erect-appressed, imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, broadest at 1/10 leaf length, concave, not strongly plicate, plication variable in same plant, (1.7–)2–2.8 × 0.6–0.9 mm;

base slightly narrowed, narrowly short-decurrent;

margins plane or occasionally recurved at places, especially in transition to acumen and in leaf corners, almost entire to strongly serrate, dentition variable on same plant;

apex gradually tapered or acuminate;

costa to 60–75% leaf length, slender, terminal spine present or absent;

alar cells subquadrate to short-rectangular, same size or smaller than basal cells, 12–20 × 10–12 µm, walls moderately thick, region indistinctly delimited, in several submarginal rows;

laminal cells linear, 45–90(–120) × 6–10 µm;

basal cells to 12–16(–19) µm wide, region in 5–8 rows, pellucid, markedly different from more distal cells.

more spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 2–3:1;

costal terminal spine present;

alar region conspicuous or not;

laminal cells enlarged across base.

with margins usually strongly serrate.

red-brown, 2–2.5 cm, rough.

dark cherry red when young, red-brown with age, (1–)2.3 cm, smooth.

dioicous.

autoicous.

inclined to horizontal, red-brown or dark brown, ovate to elongate, curved, 2–2.5 mm;

annulus separating by fragments;

operculum long-conic.

occasionally inclined to horizontal and curved, cherry brown to very dark brown, elongate to subcylindric, straight proximally, somewhat curved distally, 1.8–2.3 mm;

annulus separating by fragments;

operculum long-conic, sometimes broadly short-rostrate.

13–18(–22) µm.

16–20 µm.