Flora of North America species comparison

leaves erect-appressed, often rigidly spreading in sympodial stems, closely imbricate, broadly ovate, broadest at 1/7 leaf length, concave, not plicate, slightly, or rarely moderately plicate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm;

base rounded, broadly long-decurrent;

margins plane or recurved at places, serrulate throughout (often serrate in sympodial stems);

apex gradually tapered, broadly acute, rarely short-acuminate;

costa to 50–70% leaf length, strong, terminal spine indistinct or absent;

alar cells short-rectangular, strongly enlarged, 20–50 × 15–30(–35) µm, walls thin, region abruptly delimited, large, of 8–15 × 8–15 cells, somewhat saclike, reaching from near margin 50% distance to costa;

laminal cells linear, 50–100 (–150) × 6–11 µm;

basal cells 15–35 × 11–15 µm, region in 3 rows.

leaves erect-spreading, loosely imbricate to distant, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, broadest at 1/10–1/6 leaf length, slightly concave, not or slightly plicate, 0.6–1.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

base rounded, narrowly short-decurrent;

margins plane or rarely recurved in places, serrulate throughout;

apex gradually tapered or short-acuminate;

costa to 60–75% leaf length, strong, terminal spine present;

alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular, same size as or smaller than adjacent basal cells, 10–15 × 10–12 µm, walls moderately thick, region inconspicuous, of 2–5 × 2–4 cells;

laminal cells linear, 25–60 × 5–8 µm;

basal cells weakly differentiated, inconspicuous, 25–40 × 9–12 µm, region in 1 or 2 rows.

more spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 2–3:1;

costal terminal spine present;

alar region conspicuous or not;

laminal cells enlarged across base.

more elliptic, 0.7–0.8 × 0.2–0.4 mm;

costal terminal spine with several distal teeth.

red-brown, 2–2.5 cm, rough.

red-brown, 1–2.5 cm, rough.

dioicous.

dioicous.

inclined to horizontal, red-brown or dark brown, ovate to elongate, curved, 2–2.5 mm;

annulus separating by fragments;

operculum long-conic.

horizontal, red-brown, ovate-ventricose, curved, 1–1.6 mm;

annulus separating by fragments;

operculum long-conic.

13–18(–22) µm.

9–12 µm.