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botryche de virginie, common grapefern, rattlesnake fern

Plants

over 12 cm.

Roots

15 or fewer, yellow to brown, 0.5–2 mm diam. 1cm from base.

Leaf

primordia densely hairy, hairs 1.5–2mm.;

leaf sheath open.

Pinnae

to 12 pairs, usually approximate to overlapping, slightly ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, lanceolate, divided to tip.

Trophophore

sessile;

blade pale green, 3–4-pinnate, to 25 × 33 cm, thin, herbaceous.

sessile and erect, arising from middle to distal portion of common stalk well above ground level;

blade usually 1 per plant, seasonal, absent during winter, deltate, 3–4-pinnate, 5–25 cm wide when mature, thin, herbaceous.

Pinnules

lanceolate and deeply lobed, lobes linear, serrate, apex pointed, venation pinnate, midrib present.

Sporophores

2-pinnate, 0.5–1.5(–2) times length of trophophore.

long-stalked, arising from middle to distal portion of common stalk well above ground level, commonly absent due to abortion in early development or seasonal, stalks only slightly flattened, not fleshy, 0.5–0.8mm wide.

Common

stalk lacking idioblasts (elongate, spindle-shaped cells in vascular strand).

Pinna

divisions reduced in size to tip.

First

pinnule on basal pinnae usually borne acroscopically.

x

=92.

2n

=184.

Botrychium virginianum

Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris

Phenology Leaves seasonal, appearing in early spring and dying in late summer.
Habitat Common to abundant, especially in shaded forests and shrubby second growth, rare or absent in arid regions
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; Central America; South America in Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Eurasia
Worldwide
Discussion

Botrychium virginianum is the most widespread Botrychium in North America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 2–3 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Osmundopteris Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium
Sibling taxa
B. acuminatum, B. ascendens, B. biternatum, B. boreale, B. campestre, B. crenulatum, B. dissectum, B. echo, B. gallicomontanum, B. hesperium, B. jenmanii, B. lanceolatum, B. lunaria, B. lunarioides, B. matricariifolium, B. minganense, B. montanum, B. mormo, B. multifidum, B. oneidense, B. pallidum, B. paradoxum, B. pedunculosum, B. pinnatum, B. pseudopinnatum, B. pumicola, B. rugulosum, B. simplex, B. spathulatum
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Osmunda virginiana B. section Osmundopteris
Name authority (Linnaeus) Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 111. (1801) (J. Milde) R. T. Clausen: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 93. (1938)
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