Botrychium virginianum |
Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris |
|
---|---|---|
botryche de virginie, common grapefern, rattlesnake fern |
|
|
Plants | over 12 cm. |
|
Roots | 15 or fewer, yellow to brown, 0.5–2 mm diam. 1cm from base. |
|
Leaf | primordia densely hairy, hairs 1.5–2mm.; leaf sheath open. |
|
Pinnae | to 12 pairs, usually approximate to overlapping, slightly ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, lanceolate, divided to tip. |
|
Trophophore | sessile; blade pale green, 3–4-pinnate, to 25 × 33 cm, thin, herbaceous. |
sessile and erect, arising from middle to distal portion of common stalk well above ground level; blade usually 1 per plant, seasonal, absent during winter, deltate, 3–4-pinnate, 5–25 cm wide when mature, thin, herbaceous. |
Pinnules | lanceolate and deeply lobed, lobes linear, serrate, apex pointed, venation pinnate, midrib present. |
|
Sporophores | 2-pinnate, 0.5–1.5(–2) times length of trophophore. |
long-stalked, arising from middle to distal portion of common stalk well above ground level, commonly absent due to abortion in early development or seasonal, stalks only slightly flattened, not fleshy, 0.5–0.8mm wide. |
Common | stalk lacking idioblasts (elongate, spindle-shaped cells in vascular strand). |
|
Pinna | divisions reduced in size to tip. |
|
First | pinnule on basal pinnae usually borne acroscopically. |
|
x | =92. |
|
2n | =184. |
|
Botrychium virginianum |
Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris |
|
Phenology | Leaves seasonal, appearing in early spring and dying in late summer. | |
Habitat | Common to abundant, especially in shaded forests and shrubby second growth, rare or absent in arid regions | |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; Central America; South America in Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Eurasia |
Worldwide |
Discussion | Botrychium virginianum is the most widespread Botrychium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 2–3 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Osmundopteris | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Osmunda virginiana | B. section Osmundopteris |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 111. (1801) | (J. Milde) R. T. Clausen: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 93. (1938) |
Web links |
|