Botrychium virginianum |
Botrychium hesperium |
|
---|---|---|
botryche de virginie, common grapefern, rattlesnake fern |
western moonwort |
|
Pinnae | to 12 pairs, usually approximate to overlapping, slightly ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, lanceolate, divided to tip. |
to 6 pairs, ascending, usually approximate or overlapping except in shade forms, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair commonly much larger and more divided than adjacent pair, lobed to tip, basal pair oblong to oblong-lanceolate with lobed margins, remainder broadly spatulate with entire margins or 1 or more shallow lobes, apex rounded, venation pinnate. |
Trophophore | sessile; blade pale green, 3–4-pinnate, to 25 × 33 cm, thin, herbaceous. |
stalk 0–3(–10) mm, to 1/4 length of trophophore rachis; blade ± gray-green, dull, oblong-linear to deltate, 1–2-pinnate, to 6 × 5 cm, firm. |
Pinnules | lanceolate and deeply lobed, lobes linear, serrate, apex pointed, venation pinnate, midrib present. |
|
Sporophores | 2-pinnate, 0.5–1.5(–2) times length of trophophore. |
1–3 pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. |
2n | =184. |
=180. |
Botrychium virginianum |
Botrychium hesperium |
|
Phenology | Leaves seasonal, appearing in early spring and dying in late summer. | Leaves appearing in midspring, dying in early fall. |
Habitat | Common to abundant, especially in shaded forests and shrubby second growth, rare or absent in arid regions | Grassy mountain slopes, snow fields, road ditches with willows, and sand dunes |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 200–2800 m (700–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; Central America; South America in Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Eurasia |
AZ; CO; ID; MI; MT; UT; WY; AB; BC; ON; SK
|
Discussion | Botrychium virginianum is the most widespread Botrychium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the Rocky Mountains Botrychium hesperium grows often with B. echo, and in the Lake Superior region, with B. acuminatum and B. matricariifolium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Osmundopteris | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Osmunda virginiana | B. matricariifolium subsp. hesperium |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 111. (1801) | (Maxon & R. T. Clausen) W. H. Wagner & Lellinger: Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. (1981) |
Web links |
|