Botrychium paradoxum |
Botrychium hesperium |
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Paradox moonwort, peculiar moonwort, two-spike moonwort |
western moonwort |
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Pinnae | to 6 pairs, ascending, usually approximate or overlapping except in shade forms, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair commonly much larger and more divided than adjacent pair, lobed to tip, basal pair oblong to oblong-lanceolate with lobed margins, remainder broadly spatulate with entire margins or 1 or more shallow lobes, apex rounded, venation pinnate. |
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Sporophores | double, 2 per leaf, 1-pinnate, 0.5–4 cm. |
1–3 pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. |
Trophophore(s) | converted entirely to second fertile segment, stalk 1/2 length of fertile segment. |
stalk 0–3(–10) mm, to 1/4 length of trophophore rachis; blade ± gray-green, dull, oblong-linear to deltate, 1–2-pinnate, to 6 × 5 cm, firm. |
2n | =180. |
=180. |
Botrychium paradoxum |
Botrychium hesperium |
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Phenology | Leaves appearing in midspring, dying in early fall. | |
Habitat | Sporophores in June to August. Difficult to detect, plants usually hidden under other vegetation, in snowfields, secondary growth pastures | Grassy mountain slopes, snow fields, road ditches with willows, and sand dunes |
Elevation | 1500–3000 m (4900–9800 ft) | 200–2800 m (700–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
MT; UT; AB; BC; SK
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AZ; CO; ID; MI; MT; UT; WY; AB; BC; ON; SK
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Discussion | The leaf structure of Botrychium paradoxum is uniform and unique. Very rare teratological individuals of other moonwort species may have trophophores partially or wholly transformed into sporophores. Botrychium × watertonense W.H. Wagner, known only from one locality in western Alberta, is the sterile hybrid of B. hesperium and B. paradoxum. It can be identified by its trophophore pinnae; all are bordered with sporangia. It may reproduce by some unknown mechanism, such as unreduced spores (W.H. Wagner Jr., F. S. Wagner, et al. 1984). Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the Rocky Mountains Botrychium hesperium grows often with B. echo, and in the Lake Superior region, with B. acuminatum and B. matricariifolium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. matricariifolium subsp. hesperium | |
Name authority | W. H. Wagner: Amer. Fern J. 71: 24. (1981) | (Maxon & R. T. Clausen) W. H. Wagner & Lellinger: Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. (1981) |
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