Botrychium multifidum |
Botrychium gallicomontanum |
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botryche à feuille couchée, leather grapefern, leathery grapefern |
Frenchman's bluff grapefern, Frenchman's bluff moonwort |
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Pinnae | to 10 pairs, approximate to remote, horizontal to ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, divided to tip. |
to 6 pairs, strongly ascending, well separated, distance between the 1st and 2d pinnae considerably greater than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, fan-shaped to narrowly spatulate, often asymmetric, with distal portion longer than and arching over proximal portion, undivided to tip, rarely 2-cleft, margins entire to irregularly cleft, apex rounded, venation like ribs of fan, midrib absent. |
Trophophore | stalk 2–15 cm, 0.3–1.2 times length of trophophore rachis; blade shiny green, plane, ternate, 2–3-pinnate, to 25 × 35 cm, leathery. |
stalk 1–8 mm; blade yellow-green, ovate to oblong-linear, 1-pinnate, to 3 × 0.9 cm, firm, glaucescent. |
Pinnules | obliquely ovate, rounded, margins usually ± entire to shallowly crenulate, sometimes inconspicuously and shallowly denticulate, apex rounded, venation pinnate. |
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Sporophores | 2–3-pinnate, 1.2 times length of trophophore. |
2–3-pinnate, 1.5–3 times length of trophophore. |
2n | =90. |
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Botrychium multifidum |
Botrychium gallicomontanum |
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Phenology | Leaves green over winter, appearing in spring. | Leaves appearing in midspring, dying in summer. |
Habitat | Widespread mainly in fields | Prairies |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 300 m (1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; nw Asia |
MN |
Discussion | Botrychium multifidum is rather similar to B. robustum (Ruprecht) L.Underwood of Japan, eastern China, and the former Soviet republics. Specimens identified as B. robustum have been collected on Unalaska Island. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Botrychium gallicomontanum is known only from one locality in western Minnesota, where it grows with both B. campestre and B. simplex. It is intermediate between them in the spacing, shape, and stalk length of the pinnae. This is one of four moonwort species that commonly produce dense clusters of minute, spheric gemmae at the root bases. This moonwort is probably an allopolyploid of the two associated species. Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Sceptridium > sect. Sceptridium | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Osmunda multifida, B. californicum, B. coulteri, B. silaifolium | |
Name authority | (S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht: Bemerk. Botrychium 40. (1859) | Farrar & Johnson Groh: Amer. Fern J. 81: 1, figs. 1, 2, 4. (1991) |
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