Botrychium crenulatum |
Botrychium virginianum |
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crenulate moonwort, dainty moonwort, scalloped moonwort |
botryche de virginie, common grapefern, rattlesnake fern |
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Pinnae | to 5 pairs, spreading, well separated, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, broadly fan-shaped, undivided to tip, margins mainly crenulate to dentate, proximal pinnae with 1 or more shallow incisions, apex rounded, apical lobe linear to linear-cuneate, well separated from adjacent lobes, venation like ribs of fan, midrib absent. |
to 12 pairs, usually approximate to overlapping, slightly ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, lanceolate, divided to tip. |
Trophophore | stalk 0.5–7 mm; blade yellow-green, oblong, 1-pinnate, to 6 × 2 cm, thin, herbaceous. |
sessile; blade pale green, 3–4-pinnate, to 25 × 33 cm, thin, herbaceous. |
Sporophores | 1–2-pinnate, 1.3–3 times length of trophophore. |
2-pinnate, 0.5–1.5(–2) times length of trophophore. |
Pinnules | lanceolate and deeply lobed, lobes linear, serrate, apex pointed, venation pinnate, midrib present. |
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2n | =90. |
=184. |
Botrychium crenulatum |
Botrychium virginianum |
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Phenology | Leaves appearing in mid to late spring, dying in late summer; in extremely dry years of shorter duration or not appearing at all. | Leaves seasonal, appearing in early spring and dying in late summer. |
Habitat | Local in marshy and springy areas | Common to abundant, especially in shaded forests and shrubby second growth, rare or absent in arid regions |
Elevation | 1200–2500 m (3900–8200 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; Central America; South America in Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Eurasia |
Discussion | Botrychium crenulatum is commonly associated with B. simplex in California. In the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon it occurs with B. ascendens, B. lunaria, and B. minganense. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Botrychium virginianum is the most widespread Botrychium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Osmundopteris |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Osmunda virginiana | |
Name authority | W. H. Wagner: Amer. Fern J. 71: 21. (1981) | (Linnaeus) Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 111. (1801) |
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