Botrychium crenulatum |
Botrychium paradoxum |
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crenulate moonwort, dainty moonwort, scalloped moonwort |
Paradox moonwort, peculiar moonwort, two-spike moonwort |
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Pinnae | to 5 pairs, spreading, well separated, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, broadly fan-shaped, undivided to tip, margins mainly crenulate to dentate, proximal pinnae with 1 or more shallow incisions, apex rounded, apical lobe linear to linear-cuneate, well separated from adjacent lobes, venation like ribs of fan, midrib absent. |
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Trophophore(s) | stalk 0.5–7 mm; blade yellow-green, oblong, 1-pinnate, to 6 × 2 cm, thin, herbaceous. |
converted entirely to second fertile segment, stalk 1/2 length of fertile segment. |
Sporophores | 1–2-pinnate, 1.3–3 times length of trophophore. |
double, 2 per leaf, 1-pinnate, 0.5–4 cm. |
2n | =90. |
=180. |
Botrychium crenulatum |
Botrychium paradoxum |
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Phenology | Leaves appearing in mid to late spring, dying in late summer; in extremely dry years of shorter duration or not appearing at all. | |
Habitat | Local in marshy and springy areas | Sporophores in June to August. Difficult to detect, plants usually hidden under other vegetation, in snowfields, secondary growth pastures |
Elevation | 1200–2500 m (3900–8200 ft) | 1500–3000 m (4900–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
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MT; UT; AB; BC; SK
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Discussion | Botrychium crenulatum is commonly associated with B. simplex in California. In the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon it occurs with B. ascendens, B. lunaria, and B. minganense. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The leaf structure of Botrychium paradoxum is uniform and unique. Very rare teratological individuals of other moonwort species may have trophophores partially or wholly transformed into sporophores. Botrychium × watertonense W.H. Wagner, known only from one locality in western Alberta, is the sterile hybrid of B. hesperium and B. paradoxum. It can be identified by its trophophore pinnae; all are bordered with sporangia. It may reproduce by some unknown mechanism, such as unreduced spores (W.H. Wagner Jr., F. S. Wagner, et al. 1984). Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium | Ophioglossaceae > Botrychium > subg. Botrychium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | W. H. Wagner: Amer. Fern J. 71: 21. (1981) | W. H. Wagner: Amer. Fern J. 71: 24. (1981) |
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