Botrychium biternatum
Botrychium echo
southern grapefern, sparse-lobed grapefern, sparselobe grapefern
echo moonwort, reflected grape-fern
to 7 pairs, usually remote, horizontal, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, undivided except in proximal 2/3–1/2.
to 4 pairs, spreading or only moderately ascending, well separated, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, oblanceolate to linear-spatulate, ± parallel-sided, divided to tip, shallowly lobed or rarely 2-cleft, basal pinna cleft into single basiscopic projection and large acroscopic projection, margins entire, apex acute, venation pinnate.
stalk 4–20 cm, 2–2.5 times length of trophophore rachis;
blade green to dark green, plane, 2–3-pinnate, to 18 × 28 cm, herbaceous.
stalk 0–4 mm;
blade shiny green, broadly oblong to oblong-deltate, 1–2-pinnate, to 4 × 3cm, firm.
elongate, obliquely lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, margins nearly parallel and finely denticulate, apex short-acuminate, venation pinnate.
1–2-pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore.
1–2 pinnate, 1–2 times length of trophophore rachis.
=90.
=180.
Botrychium biternatum
Botrychium echo
Botrychium biternatum often grows with B. dissectum and B. jenmanii. The name B. biternatum was misapplied by L.Underwood to B. lunarioides (W.H. Wagner Jr. 1961).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Botrychium echo is one of four moonwort species that commonly produce clusters of minute, spheric gemmae at the root bases. This species tends to have a reddish brown stripe along the common stalk from the base of the trophophore stalk.
Of conservation concern.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
IL Wildflowers
LA Plants
MD Biodiversity
MO Plants
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
SW CO Wildflowers
