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pitted beardgrass, pitted bluestem

King ranch bluestem, old world bluestem, yellow bluestem

Habit Plants cespitose or stoloniferous. Plants usually cespitose, occasionally stoloniferous or almost rhizomatous under close grazing or cutting.
Culms

to 100 cm, often decumbent or stoloniferous, freely branching;

nodes bearded.

30-80(95) cm, stiffly erect;

nodes glabrous or short hirsute.

Leaves

mostly basal, green, sometimes glaucous;

sheaths glabrous, keeled;

ligules 0.7-1.5 mm;

blades 3-15 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, flat, margins and ligule regions hairy.

tending to be basal;

ligules 0.5-1.5 mm;

blades 5-25 cm long, 2-4.5 mm wide, flat to folded, glabrous or with long, scattered hairs at the base of the blade.

Panicles

3-5 cm, fan-shaped, often purplish;

rachises 0.2-2 cm, with 3-8 branches;

branches 3-4.5 cm, longer than the rachises, usually with 1 rame;

rame internodes with villous margins, with 1-3 mm hairs.

5-10 cm, fan-shaped, silvery reddish-purple;

rachises 0.5-2 cm, with (1)2-8 branches;

branches 3-9 cm, longer than the rachises, erect to somewhat spreading from the axillary pulvini, usually with only 1 rame;

rame internodes with a central groove narrower than the margins, margins ciliate, with 1-3 mm hairs.

Sessile

spikelets 3-4 mm, lanceolate;

callus hairs about 1 mm;

lower glumes sparsely hirtellous, with a prominent dorsal pit near the middle;

awns 10-17 mm;

anthers 1-1.8 mm, yellow.

spikelets 3-4.5 mm, narrowly ovate;

lower glumes hirsute below, with about 1 mm hairs, lacking a dorsal pit;

awns 9-17 mm, twisted, geniculate;

anthers 1-2 mm.

Pedicellate

spikelets the same size as the sessile spikelets, sterile, pitted or not, occasionally with 2 pits.

spikelets about as long as the sessile spikelets, but usually narrower, sterile or staminate.

2n

= 40, 60.

= 40, 50, 60.

Bothriochloa pertusa

Bothriochloa ischaemum

Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; MD; MS; TX; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; KS; LA; MS; NM; NY; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; UT; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Bothriochloa pertusa is native to the Eastern Hemisphere, and was introduced to the southern United States as a warm-season pasture grass. It now grows in disturbed, moist, grassy places and pastures in the region, at elevations of 2-200 m. It has not persisted at all locations shown on the map.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Bothriochloa ischaemum. grows along roadsides and in waste ground and rangeland pastures, at 50-1200 m. It is native to southern Europe and Asia. It was introduced to the United States for erosion control along right of ways and for livestock forage in the southwest. It is now established in the region and has spread along roadsides into other central and southern states. There are two variants that are sometimes recognized as varieties, plants with glabrous nodes being called B. ischaemum var. ischaemum and plants with pubescent nodes being called B. ischaemum var. songarica (Rupr. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Celarier & J.R. Harlan. The varieties are not recognized here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 646. FNA vol. 25, p. 646.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Bothriochloa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Bothriochloa
Sibling taxa
B. alta, B. barbinodis, B. bladhii, B. edwardsiana, B. exaristata, B. hybrida, B. ischaemum, B. laguroides, B. longipaniculata, B. springfieldii, B. wrightii
B. alta, B. barbinodis, B. bladhii, B. edwardsiana, B. exaristata, B. hybrida, B. laguroides, B. longipaniculata, B. pertusa, B. springfieldii, B. wrightii
Synonyms Andropogon pertusus B. ischaemum var. songarica, Andropogon ischaemum var. songaricus, Andropogon ischaemum
Name authority (L.) A. Camus (L.) Keng
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