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creeping sticky stem, slender spiderling

slim-stalk spiderling

Habit Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. Herbs, perennial, often woody at base; taproot long and ropelike, woody.
Stems

erect or ascending, occasionally decumbent, moderately or profusely branched, primarily distally, 1–5 dm, minutely puberulent with bent hairs basally, glabrous or minutely puberulent distally.

decumbent to erect, usually profusely branched throughout, 2–15 dm, usually minutely pubescent, rarely glabrous basally, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely and minutely pubescent distally.

Leaves

mostly in basal 1/2 of plant;

larger leaves with petiole 4–8[–15] mm, blade broadly ovate or oval to lanceolate, 10–21[–35] × 6–8[–13] mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface usually glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, glabrous, neither surface punctate, base round [obtuse], margins shallowly sinuate, apex acute, obtuse, or round.

mostly in basal 1/2 of plant;

larger leaves with petiole 3–25 mm, blade broadly rhombic to elliptic-oblong, broadly to narrowly ovate, occasionally wider than long, 18–45 × 13–50 mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface much paler than adaxial surface, glabrous or with hairs on veins, neither surface punctate, base usually obtuse to round, sometimes shallowly cordate, margins entire or sinuate, often undulate, apex acute, obtuse, or round.

Inflorescences

terminal or axillary, forked ca. 3–6 times ± evenly (or clearly unevenly), diffuse, with sticky internodal bands;

branches usually terminating in umbels or flowers borne singly, usually well beyond leaves.

axillary or terminal, forked ca. 6–8 times unequally, diffuse, without sticky internodal bands;

branches divergent, terminating in 1(–3) flowers.

Flowers

pedicel 0.3–4.5 mm;

bracts at base of perianth quickly deciduous, 2, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate [ovate], 0.5–0.6 mm;

perianth whitish to pale pink or purplish, campanulate beyond constriction, 1 mm;

stamens 2–3, included or barely exserted.

pedicel slender, 3–13 mm;

bracts at base of perianth quickly deciduous, 2–3, linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 0.3–1.5 mm, quickly deciduous;

perianth wine red to brick red, widely funnelform distal to constriction, 2–4.5 mm;

stamens (4–)5(–6), well exserted.

Fruits

1–7 per umbel, straw colored or gray-brown, obpyramidal, 2.5–3.1 × 1.3–1.9 mm (l/w: 1.6–2.1), base stipelike, apex round-truncate, glabrous;

ribs 3–4(–5), acute or winglike, tapering to pedicel, slightly rugose or undulate near sulci;

sulci 0.5–1 times as wide as base of ribs, coarsely transversely rugose, smooth or very faintly papillate.

usually borne singly, gray-brown to brown, oblong-clavate, 2.8–4.2 × 1–1.5 mm (l/w: [2–]2.2–3.5[–3.8]), apex round to rounded-conic, minutely puberulent, sometimes minutely glandular, rarely glabrous;

ribs 5, rounded, smooth or slightly rugose near sulci;

sulci 1–2.5 times as wide as base of ribs, not rugose, smooth or minutely papillate.

Boerhavia triquetra

Boerhavia gracillima

Phenology Flowering summer–late fall. Flowering mid summer–late fall.
Habitat Sandy or gravelly areas in deserts Dry, usually rocky areas, often along roads, desert scrub, arid grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands [tropical deciduous forests]
Elevation [0-]100-300 m ([0-]300-1000 ft) [100-]600-2000 m ([300-]2000-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Boerhavia triquetra, very narrowly defined here by a predominance of 3- and 4-ribbed fruits, is uncommon in the flora, known to occur only on low deserts near the Colorado River and southward around the Sea of Cortez. The species has few- or 1-flowered terminal inflorescences. Its relationship to, and distinctness from, B. intermedia, needs clarification. In the area of the type locality, Bahia de los Angeles, on the east coast of Baja California, some plants have only 3- and 4-winged fruits, whereas most will have 3-, 4-, and some 5-winged fruits. The five-winged fruits do not differ from those of B. intermedia, a species common on the peninsula. Intergradient plants occur on the peninsula and on islands in the gulf.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The phase Boerhavia gracillima subsp. decalvata from low elevations in the Big Bend region of Texas and adjacent Mexico differs from the remainder of B. gracillima in that it is usually erect or strongly ascending, has glabrous fruits, and has flowers with purple to brick red perianths; the flowers are also in the upper half of the size range for the species. It is highly local and completely intergradient with surrounding populations of B. gracillima in the strict sense. In fruit and flower features the phase resembles B. anisophylla; in its diffuse inflorescence with slender branches (0.15 mm diam. proximal to the flower versus 0.25 mm in B. anisophylla) and in its deciduous bracts it is more similar to B. gracillima. Some populations of B. gracillima also have glabrous fruits, and a local endemic in Durango, B. chrysantha Barneby, differs primarily in its yellow perianths similar in size to those of B. gracillima subsp. decalvata. The complex is in need of careful study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 24. FNA vol. 4, p. 21.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia
Sibling taxa
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. spicata, B. torreyana, B. wrightii
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. spicata, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
Synonyms B. gracillima subsp. decalvata, B. organensis
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 69. (1889) Heimerl: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 86, plate 2, fig. 1. (1889)
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