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creeping spiderling

creeping sticky stem, slender spiderling

Habit Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody. Herbs, annual; taproot tapered, soft or ± woody.
Stems

erect or ascending, sparingly branched throughout, 30–70 dm, densely glandular-villous, or glandular-puberulent, with spreading, nonglandular hairs basally, glabrous distally.

erect or ascending, occasionally decumbent, moderately or profusely branched, primarily distally, 1–5 dm, minutely puberulent with bent hairs basally, glabrous or minutely puberulent distally.

Leaves

mostly in basal 1/2;

larger leaves with petiole 10–30 mm, blade oval, oblong, ovate, or ± triangular, 18–45 × 13–30 mm (distal leaves usually smaller, sometimes longer, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, lightly to densely glandular-pubescent, neither surface punctate or both minutely punctate with clusters of brown cells, base truncate, round, or obtuse, margins sinuate, sometimes crisped, apex round to obtuse, rarely acute.

mostly in basal 1/2 of plant;

larger leaves with petiole 4–8[–15] mm, blade broadly ovate or oval to lanceolate, 10–21[–35] × 6–8[–13] mm (distal leaves smaller, proportionately narrower), adaxial surface usually glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent, abaxial surface paler than adaxial, glabrous, neither surface punctate, base round [obtuse], margins shallowly sinuate, apex acute, obtuse, or round.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, branched 1–4 times unequally, with sticky internodal bands;

branches strongly ascending, terminating in spicate or racemose flower clusters, axis 10–55 mm.

terminal or axillary, forked ca. 3–6 times ± evenly (or clearly unevenly), diffuse, with sticky internodal bands;

branches usually terminating in umbels or flowers borne singly, usually well beyond leaves.

Flowers

pedicel 0.4–2.3[–3.7] mm;

bracts at base of perianth usually soon deciduous, usually 2, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 0.7–1.8 mm, apex often acuminate;

perianth white to pale pink, campanulate distal to constriction, 1–1.3 mm;

stamens (2–)3, slightly exserted or included.

pedicel 0.3–4.5 mm;

bracts at base of perianth quickly deciduous, 2, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate [ovate], 0.5–0.6 mm;

perianth whitish to pale pink or purplish, campanulate beyond constriction, 1 mm;

stamens 2–3, included or barely exserted.

Fruits

5–33 per cluster, usually overlapping or 2–4 in group separated by small gap from next group, straw colored to grayish or reddish tan, broadly obovoid, 1.9–2.4(–2.8) × 1.1–1.3 mm (l/w: 1.7–2.1[–2.3]), apex rounded, glabrous;

ribs 5, obtuse-rounded to obtuse, often with low winglike ridge, slightly rugose near sulci;

sulci (0.2–)0.5 times as wide as base of ribs, slightly rugose, not papillate.

1–7 per umbel, straw colored or gray-brown, obpyramidal, 2.5–3.1 × 1.3–1.9 mm (l/w: 1.6–2.1), base stipelike, apex round-truncate, glabrous;

ribs 3–4(–5), acute or winglike, tapering to pedicel, slightly rugose or undulate near sulci;

sulci 0.5–1 times as wide as base of ribs, coarsely transversely rugose, smooth or very faintly papillate.

2n

= ca. 52.

Boerhavia spicata

Boerhavia triquetra

Phenology Flowering late summer–early fall. Flowering summer–late fall.
Habitat Sandy or rocky soils in open, arid grasslands, among open shrubs or mesquite and acacia woodlands [tropical deciduous forests] Sandy or gravelly areas in deserts
Elevation [100-]700-1800 m ([300-]2300-5900 ft) [0-]100-300 m ([0-]300-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

C. F. Reed (1969) and subsequent authors have included one or more of Boerhavia coulteri, B. torreyana, and B. watsoni as synonymous with B. spicata. Even when those taxa are removed, B. spicata remains a variable species, widespread at low to middle elevations in southwestern North America, and distinguished by its mostly overlapping, obovoid fruits with rather open sulci, and the glandular pubescence on basal parts of the plant.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Boerhavia triquetra, very narrowly defined here by a predominance of 3- and 4-ribbed fruits, is uncommon in the flora, known to occur only on low deserts near the Colorado River and southward around the Sea of Cortez. The species has few- or 1-flowered terminal inflorescences. Its relationship to, and distinctness from, B. intermedia, needs clarification. In the area of the type locality, Bahia de los Angeles, on the east coast of Baja California, some plants have only 3- and 4-winged fruits, whereas most will have 3-, 4-, and some 5-winged fruits. The five-winged fruits do not differ from those of B. intermedia, a species common on the peninsula. Intergradient plants occur on the peninsula and on islands in the gulf.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 25. FNA vol. 4, p. 24.
Parent taxa Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae > Boerhavia
Sibling taxa
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. torreyana, B. triquetra, B. wrightii
B. anisophylla, B. ciliata, B. coccinea, B. coulteri, B. diffusa, B. erecta, B. gracillima, B. intermedia, B. linearifolia, B. megaptera, B. pterocarpa, B. purpurascens, B. spicata, B. torreyana, B. wrightii
Name authority Choisy: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 456. (1849) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 69. (1889)
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